e cline /ri'klain/ verb 1 [V] ~ (against/in/on sth) (formal) to sit or lie in a relaxed way, with your body leaning backwards Iff#; !4§>i; [ft A H: She was reclining on a sofa. M f^r H ft ft'± 0 o a reclining figure (= for example in a painting) 7 1$ H (ft A f|! 2 when a seat reclines or when you recline a seat, the back of it moves into a comfortable sloping position ( ft lift IS # ) [ftfsi: [V] a reclining chair Ijojjf [also VN]

re-cliner /rTklaina(r)/ (also re'cliner chair) noun (espe­cially NAmE) a soft comfortable chair with a back that can be pushed back at an angle so that you can lean back in it (    ) fjnift

recluse /ri'kluis; NAmE 'rekluis/ noun a person who lives alone and likes to avoid other people H JH #; ft A: ft ft (ft A: to lead the life of a recluse jt A (ft 7 tS ► reclusive /ri'kluisiv/ adj.: a reclusive millionaire '$■

recognition 0-w /.rekag'mjn/ noun 1 [U] the act of remembering who sb is when you see them, or of identifying what sth is iAil; yAiR; iRjjjjj: He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of recognition, fife .If 7 M — St, ffi U 7 & iA tB M 5ft 0 0 the automatic recognition of handwriting and printed text by computer ifWJA7W g      2 [sing., U]

~ (that...) the act of accepting that sth exists, is true or is official 7iA; iAft: a growing recognition that older people have potential too ®7®^^AiA77!]7;7Al&Ji 741A (ft O There is a general recognition of the urgent need for reform. Af|] it' j£§ A if 14 it fO fi M        o 0 to seek

international/official/formal recognition as a sover­eign state 77 [*7 (ft /  / iHA(ft7iA,       -

7±ftiHit 3 [U] ~ (for sth) public praise and reward for sb’s work or actions #; 'ftiR; : She gained only minimal recognition for her work. M (ft 7 ft {XfX4#iS$£ A (ft ® fi o O He received the award in recognition of his success over the past year, fib, 7 IS 7 % fib,     A fife

Aik~r 7 J&il (ft m 'M o.     to change, alter, etc.

beyond/out of (all) recog1 nition to change so much that you can hardly recognize it $ % ptj g M EH : The town has changed beyond recognition since I was last here, g ^ff7AiA7A770

recognizable (BrE also -is-able) /'rekagnaizabl; .rekag'naizobl/ adj. ~ (as sth/sb) easy to know or iden­tify W JHA £B (ft; ^7 IK H'J : The building was easily recognizable as a prison.

0                  After so many years she was still instantly recognizable.

M7&7£ft7       StffcfgiA&Mo EH3unrecog­

nizable ► rec-og-niz-ably, -is ably /-abli/ adv.

rec og niz ance (BrE also -sance) /rikDgmzans; NAmE -'kaig-/ noun [U] (law #) a promise by sb who is accused of a crime to appear in court on a particular date; a sum of money paid as a guarantee of this promise f£il

recog nize 0-w (BrE also -ise) /'rekagnaiz/ verb (not used in the progressive tenses 7ffl73&fTB4)’

1                  [VN] ~ sb/sth (by/from sth) to know who sb is or what sth is when you see or hear them, because you have seen or heard them or it before iAiR; iA A; H^i] fH:

I                   recognized him as soon as he came in the room, fife—$£ MAIEciAif Tfife, o Do you recognize this tune? ftft-Iff ffi 7ftr ? 0 I recognized her by her red hair. 4SAM(ftflAA:iAi} 7 iitfeo o note at identify 2 ~ sth (as sth) to admit or to be aware that sth exists or is true 7- iA ; M iR 3\ FWM acknowledge : [VN] They recognized the need to take the problem seriously, ftfe f| J iA iR f'J TO ^ r M /4 W & A fft IS o o Drugs were not recognized as a problem then. HP [ft ft HAA 7 IE ft lift 4f A rilHlo 0 [V wh-] Nobody recognized how urgent the situation was.    / ’MMo 0 [V that]

We recognized that the task was not straightforward.

Tfi   0 [VN that] It was

recognized that this solution could only be temporary. Af]M iRMMR     ftEftMiAftHo [also VN to inf]

3 ~ sb/sth (as sth) to accept and approve of sb/sth officially ( IE A ) iA A, fg7, 4$ A: [VN] recognized qualifications ££ f# 7- iA (ft 0 The UK has refused to

recognize the new regime. H S  7 iAiA7®T W

A. o 0 [VN to inf] He is recognized to be their natural

leader.    mna This

pattern is usually used in the passive, lit fJ M- il R] 7 M in & o 4 [VN] be recognized (as sth) to be thought of as very good or important by people in general ‘M ; ^ iR; If ifc ; & if: The book is now recognized as a classic. IA A 45 fJE ^ Ji: — rP & iA Eft M A- M ff 0 o She’s a recognized authority on the subject, ftfe ft 5 [VN] to give sb official thanks for sth that they have done or achieved jE A [ft • • • S5t itf; IE A $ ilt: His services to the state were recognized with the award of a knighthood, ftfe ® 44 A1^ ±,

re-coil verb, noun

u verb /n'koil/ [V] 1 ~ (from sb/sth) | ~ (at sth) to move your body quickly away from sb/sth because you find them or it frightening or unpleasant iiff; [iff HT?1 flinch: She recoiled from his touch. irtfe^ftflfedilM^o

2                  He recoiled in horror at the sight of the corpse, ftfe — JEfiJPWfctffff ftlsf7o 2 ~ (from sth/from doing sth) | ~ (at sth) to react to an idea or a situation with strong dislike or fear *4 ft fit

PSTTI shrink : She recoiled from the idea of betraying her own brother. g B     (ftii

SUL 3 (of a gun ffrfS) to move suddenly backwards when you fire it     ^ A

n noun /'riikoil/ [U, sing ] a sudden movement backwards, especially of a gun when it is fired A 7 ;       (

ift )is

rec-ol-lect /.reka'lekt/ verb (not used in the progressive tenses 7      7 #£ fr 04) (rather formal) to remember sth,

especially by making an effort to remember it iE®; ® faff mn recall : [VN] She could no longer recollect the details of the letter. Mi® 7 IP it fit (ft £5)7 70 o [V wh-] I don’t recollect what he said. ?£7iB#ftfe 7 A o O [VN -ing] I recollect him/his saying that it was dangerous.     iS # ftfe HP        o 0 [V] As far as

3                  can recollect, she wasn’t there on that occasion,

fZ.,  04M7ft^o [also V speech, V that, V -ing]

rec-ol-let-tion /,reka'lekjn/ noun (format) 1 [U] ~ (of sth/of doing sth) the ability to remember sth; the act of remembering sth iBfZA; EftfZ; ifitZ H33 memory:

II                  have no recollection of meeting her before.

(MilMo O My recollection of events differs from his.

® fZftJ 'If U 4tJ ffe 7~ #0 0 To the best of my recollec­tion (= if I remember correctly) I was not present at that meeting.     fic^;7fH/iHP/A^lAo

III                 [C] a thing that you remember from the past ft ^;

[ft fZ (ft 7 EW71 memory : to have a clear/vivid/dim/ vague recollection of sth    Bfr / iA Aft & /

recom mence /.rirka'mens/ verb (formal) to begin again; to start doing sth again JrfiEFM; WAJFM: [V] Work on the bridge will recommence next month. 77 M 0 [VN] The two countries agreed to recommence talks the following week. MSIftiS [also v-ing]

recom mend l>^r /,reka‘mend/ verb 1 [VN] ~ sb/sth (to sb) (for/as sth) to tell sb that sth is good or useful, or that sb would be suitable for a particular job, etc. H#; 7#; ff 'fS: Can you recom­mend a good hotel? ffp fg ft # — M U 64^A 4 ? 0 I recommend the book to all my students, ficfft^c fttPfi#iiA77o <> She was recommended for the post by a colleague. MI£#lftVfl#f,J;&7Wff7 0 The hotel’s new restaurant comes highly recommended (= a lot of people have praised it). fA E/S A W §t ^) J: # £'J 7 Af|] tifif]! 2 to advise a particular course of action; to advise sb to do sth 5$ 44 ; St iA : [VN] The report recommended a 10% pay increase, ft ^ H iA 7 ^ jjp 10%o o It is dangerous to exceed the recommended dose.

A    0 a recommended price

of $50 ItiAUffr 50 ft 0 [V (that)] I recommend (that) he see a lawyer. Tfe^iiAflfeAftAit'fto o (BrE also) I recom­mend (that) he should see a lawyer. ItiAftfe A4£7# ijtp-o 0 [VN (that)] It is strongly recommended that the machines should be checked every year. ®-A#7“AfE ffltlftf^ — 0 [VN to inf] We’d recommend you to