re-double /.rii'dAbl/ verb [VN] to increase sth or make it stronger jjp ; if jjp ; 1)W  : The leading banks are

expected to redouble their efforts to keep the value of the dollar down. ACI®i+# Ai&fT

0 redoubled enthusiasm fgjjp^'lf re-doubt /n'daut/ noun *1 (literary) a place or situation in which sb/sth is protected when they are being attacked or threatened M 0 it PJf ; Mi 2a small building from which soldiers can fight and defend themselves

re-doubt-able /ri'dautabl/ adj. (formal) if a person is redoubtable, they have very strong qualities that make you respect them and perhaps feel afraid of them 4“ A BCCI FORMIDABLE

redound /ri'daund/ verb rflTiFI re dound to sth

(formal) to improve the impression that people have of you gfcj®, Slifti (       ) : Their defeat redounds to the

glory of those whom they attacked. ftMH W A!$$!ii5TIP

,red 'panda noun = panda(2)

,red 'pepper noun 1 [C, U] a hollow red fruit that is eaten, raw or cooked, as a vegetable 2 [U] (espe­cially NAmE) = CAYENNE

re-draft /,ri:'dra:ft; NAmE -‘drseft/ verb [VN] to write an article, a letter, etc. again in order to improve it or make changes    ►' re-draft noun

re-draw/,ri:‘dra:/ verb( re-drew/-'dru:/, re-drawn /-'drain/) [VN] to make changes to sth such as the borders of a country or region, a plan, an arrangement, etc. JcStM Ik, ( iilf, i+M,        ) : After the war the

map of Europe was redrawn, fife Jg, gfc jjrtl B. ® $ S fr M ^ 0 o to redraw the boundaries between male and female roles in the home

re-dress verb, noun

m verb /ri'dres/ [VN] (formal) to correct sth that is unfair or wrong |t]jE; IE; t&IE ETITl put right to redress an injustice IE A £ ITSTTC1 redress the 'balance to make a situation equal or fair again

U; IITI

mnoun /ri'dres; 'riidres/ [U] ~ (for/against sth) (formal) payment, etc. that you should get for sth wrong that has happened to you or harm that you have suffered jig ; gl A J© fw ECTfl compensation : to seek legal redress for unfair dismissal     0

to have little prospect of redress red-skin /'redskin/ noun (old-fashioned, taboo, offensive) = Red Indian

,red 'tape noun [U] (disapproving) official rules that seem more complicated than necessary and prevent things from being done quickly 1g;fc:H#15;

From the custom of tying up official documents with red or pink tape. «

'red-top noun (BrE, informal) a British tabloid news­paper, whose name is in red at the top of the front page (        ) HAMft/frM

re duce 0-w /ri'djuis; NAmE-'du:s/ verb 1 [VN] - sth (from sth) (to sth) | ~ sth (by sth) to make sth less or smaller in size, quantity, price, etc. [$'>, If /fr (        ffciL 1ft ) : Reduce speed now (= on a

sign).        0 Costs have been reduced by 20% over

the past year.    E^M77 20%o o

Giving up smoking reduces the risk of heart disease. $c:l0 O The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25. JjSMAf£/A 40 AM7fJ7 25 Ac o The skirt was reduced to £10 in the sale. £ AMift$3 la], &&M7 MfftPJ 10 2 [VN, V] if you reduce a

liquid or a liquid reduces, you boil it so that it becomes less in quantity (  ) M'k 3 [V] (NAmE, informal) to lose

weight by limiting the amount and type of food that you eat M $5 # 36 ; 15 & : a reducing plan 15 ^ if #J 4 [VN] (chemistry {fc) to add one or more electrons to a substance or to remove oxygen from a substance {£££ jj^ —compare oxidize ITSTBil re duced ‘circumstances the state of being poorer than you were before. People say ‘living in reduced circumstances’ to avoid saying ‘poor’. ( ^  ^ poor |f] X ) it U A

665

dHkljJ re duce sb/sth (from sth) to sth/to doing sth

[usually passive] to force sb/sth into a particular state or condition, usually a worse one f>gpgA ( Mil'll ) jig ; ^PSA^it: a beautiful building reduced to rubble B0 She was reduced to tears by their criticisms. jfejn7 BIS 0 0 They were reduced to begging in the streets.

frto re duce sth to sth to change sth to a more general or more simple form #••• MIS) : We can reduce the problem to two main issues.      VJ.

redu cible /ri'djuisabl; NAmE -'du:s-/ adj. ~ to sth (formal) that can be described or considered simply as sth aimit (ft: The problem is not reducible to one of money.

re-duc-tio ad ab-sur-dum /ri.dAktiao aed aeb'sardam; NAmE -tiou/ noun [U, C] (philosophy ^) (from Latin) a method of proving that sth is not true by showing that its result is not logical or sensible IBW&; re duc tion /ri'dAkJn/ noun 1 [C, U] ~ (in sth) an act of making sth less or smaller; the state of being made less or smaller 'jfc'p; If /fr; ^      : a 33% reduction in the number of hospital

beds available HE ^ (ft      'J> 33% o There has been

some reduction in unemployment.      o

a slight/significant/substantial/drastic reduction in costs * ft   ft ffis *.[C] an

amount of money by which sth is made cheaper Mfft; tfrfO: There are reductions for children sharing a room with two adults. ^7fnW7AA^H ^|a]J^      

3 [C] a copy of a photograph, map, picture, etc. that is made smaller than the original one ( M       , [H

) If®, E22 enlargement 4 (chemistry it) the fact of adding one or more electrons to a substance or of removing oxygen from a substance — compare oxidation at oxidize

re-duc-tion-ism /ri'dAkJamzam/ noun [U] (formal, often disapproving) the belief that complicated things can be explained by considering them as a combination of simple parts Mifcifc; fti#-ifc3ife; ilJAife reduction­ist /-ist/ adj., noun

re-duc-tive /ri'dAktiv/ adj. (formal, often disapproving) that tries to explain sth complicated by considering it as a combination of simple parts ftiffciftltft; fiUH?&(ft;

re dun dancy /ri'dAndansi/ noun (pi. -ies) 1 [U, C, usually pi.] (BrE) the situation when sb has to leave their job because there is no more work available for them ( @

) $cM, jM.: Thousands of factory workers are facing redundancy. Kt 7 £ I i A ffi lira ic tk0 O to accept/take voluntary redundancy (= to offer to leave your job)       o the threat of compul­

sory redundancies 5® tli!j M M W B5 o redundancy payments    —see also lay-off(I) 2 [U] (formal

or technical A ip) the state of not being necessary or useful M%t: Natural language is characterized by redundancy (= words are used that are not really neces­sary for sb to understand the meaning), i

re dun dant /ri'dAndant/ adj. 1 (BrE) (of a person A) without a job because there is no more work available for you in a company   to be made redun­dant from your job       0 redundant

employees tk 1$ M X 2 not needed or useful £ A (ft ; A fil 1c : The picture has too much redundant detail, ii iH OS 7 A 0 W W Iffl 15 A £ „ ► re-dun-dant-ly adv.

re du pli cate /,ri:'dju:plikeit; NAmE -'du:-/ verb [V, VN] to make a copy of sth in order to form another of the same kind % $ij ; jjp M : These cells are able to reduplicate themselves.

,red 'wine noun 1 [U, C] wine that gets its red colour from the skins of the grapes II IS ^ M 2 [C] a glass of red wine — iFUfj— compare rose, white wine

red-wood /'redwud/ noun 1 [C] a very tall type of tree that grows especially in California and Oregon II ,