apologizing. R R ^ if it 7 1A7 Ml ffi 0 ► re triev
able /ri'triivabl/ adj. EQ2 irretrievable re-triever /rTtri:va(r)/ noun
a large dog used in hunting to bring back birds that have been shot # 0 A — see
also GOLDEN RETRIEVER
retro /'retreu; NAmE -trou/ adj. using styles or
fashions from the recent past ( ,
# ® ijjtfr (HJ, 0 0 (ft: the current Seventies retro
trend
retro- /'retrao; NAmE -trou/ prefix (in nouns, adjectives
and adverbs $3 jA % is], #
iSI fP S§ ilj) back or backwards Jg; 0 ;
retrograde f&jilE/j O retrospectively 0
mm
retro-active /.retrau'aektiv;
NAmE -trou-/ adj. {format)
=
retrospective adj.{2) ► retro-active-ly
oc/v.
: The ruling should be applied retroactively.
o
retro-fit /'retraufit; /VAmf
-trou-/ verb (-tt-) [VN] to put a new piece of equipment into
a machine that did not have it when it was built; to provide a machine with a
new part, etc. ( MR ) ; Slff;
&S:
Voice recorders were retrofitted into planes already
in service. J&&&&
retrofitted the plane with
improved seating. jfe f ]
► retro fit noun
retro-flex /'retrafleks/ adj. 1 (medical g) (of a part of the body turned
backwards 0 ^ ft
0;
SW 2 {phonetics (of
a speech sound i§#) produced with the end of the tongue turned up against the
hard palate
retro-grade /'retragreid/ adj. {formal, disapproving) (of
an action ff A) making a situation worse or returning to how sth
was in the past ; iljfc (ft; ilT-
(ft:
The closure of the factory is a retrograde step.
|S3di—Ail^o
retro-gres-sive /.retra'gresiv/
adj. (formal, disapproving) returning to
old-fashioned ideas or methods instead of making progress $JiI(ft; iiftift EEQ progressive retrospect /'retraspekt/ noun ITiTOl in retrospect
thinking about a past event or
situation, often with a different opinion of it from the one you had at the
time
0
M; 0£&; it $3 ft ♦:
In retrospect, I think that I was
wrong. 0!7±|R O The decision
seems extremely odd, in
retrospect. 031 ^2 3k, 7AaE
rnmnitc^
retro spec tion /.retra'spekjn/ noun [U] (formal) thinking
about past events or situations 0 I®; 0fZ, retro-spect-ive/.retra'spektiv/ adj., noun »adj. 1 thinking
about or connected with sth that happened in the past [HiW; # AIM R (ft 2 (also
less frequent, formal retro-active) (of a new law or
decision §r (ft A W £&
A a£) intended to take effect from a particular date in the past rather
than from the present date A it (MAW; retrospective
legisla
tion W it §3 A (ft jL'ife
o retrospective pay awards W it ^ A (ft ilP §f ► retro-spect-ive-ly
adv. : She wrote retrospectively about her
childhood. ll B (ft If 7
7
jg 0 0 The new rule
will be applied retrospectively, iff
■
noun a public exhibition
of the work that an artist has done in the past, showing how his or her work
has developed ( ) 0MJS
retry /.rii'trai/ verb (re tries,
re-try-ing, re-tried, re-tried)
1
[VN] to examine a person or case again in
court %
1$; Jr §\ ^ a 2 [V] to make
another attempt to do sth, especially on a computer ( ) Siit
ret-sina /ret'sirn0/
noun [U,
C] a type of red or white wine from
resinR)^#^#^^}® re-turn /ri't3:n; NAmE ri't3:m/ verb, noun • verb
► COME/GO BACK 0*: 07;- 1 [V] ~ (to ...) (from ...) to come or go back from one place to
another 0 3k; 0 A; i£0 : I waited a long time for him to return. m 0 3k # 7 jS A N" |aj o O She's returning to
7
A , 7o o I
returned from work
to find the house empty. f£T$£03k,
A; JJE li M 7 A ~ - A0 0 When did she return home from the
trip? MJdfl Anf#iik7r03k(ft?
2
BRING/GIVE BACK 7
0; II 7 2
~ sb/sth (to sb/sth) to
bring, give, put or send
sth back to sb/sth ^ 0 ; xk 0;
&0; iI7: [VN] We had to return the hairdryer to the store because it
was faulty, lie 0 7 i# 7 H *7 H #1 i!
0
[§[/£, O
I must return some books to
the library. 0 Don’t forget
to return my pen! $| 7 jC #9 % 2S in ! 0
[VN-ADJ]
1
returned the letter unopened. ISJICIl7^:tell/filiI7
0 Ao
3
OF
FEELING/QUALITY !$'$/ R7 3 [V] to come back again
RS;
M.M EEd reappear,
resurface: The following day the
pain returned. |^ziAX^:^3k7o 0 Her
suspicions returned when things
started going missing again. mXXfi'&W
4
TO PREVIOUS
SUBJECT/ACTIVITY A fj (ft i§ M / fg Aj 4 [V]
~
(to sth) to start discussing a
subject you were discussing earlier, or doing an activity you were doing
earlier SSI; He returns to this
topic later in the
report. RRjf
AAJ§3kJ^5l&7i££!L o She looked up briefly
then returned to her sewing. M-fnA#7^Bk- 0 The
doctor may allow her to return to work next week. i04
±JS„
5
TO PREVIOUS STATE 5 [V]
~ to sth to go back
to a previous state #c %
; 0 M.: Train services have returned to normal after the
strike, f IMS, ^B^#cSiE#o
6
DO/GIVE THE SAME 0 jft 6 [VN] to do or give sth to sb
because they have done or
given the same to you first; to have the same feeling about sb that they have
about you 0 jg.; 01&:
to return a favour/greeting/stare jft Us 0 M 0 ; 0 if — IS O She phoned him several
times
but he was too busy to
return her call. M^ftklT7/l^
% ig , jfi ftk A 'It, ^ Min M 0 it o 0 It’s time we returned their
invitation (= invite them to sth as they invited us to sth first). 0 iifMI 7 „ O He did not
return her love, ftk 0 c 0 ‘You were both
wonderful!’ ‘So were you!’ we
said, returning the compliment. “Mlf$A#7! ” ” IJcjn-tt#
^ilo 0 to return fire (= to shoot at sb who
is shooting at you)
7
IN TENNIS M ££ 7 [VN] to hit the ball
back to your opponent during a game 0 A ; dt 0 : to return a service/shot
t0t^ /
8
A VERDICT $$ A 8 [VN] ~ a verdict to give a decision about sth in court jS A ( $5 A ) : The jury returned a verdict
of not guilty. PnAIH ® a‘7A¥fr:]^lJAo
9
ELECT POLITICIAN iMAAt/ 9 [VN] [usually
passive] ~ sb (to sth) | ~ sb (as sth) (BrE) to elect sb to a
political position $5^; j$stb;
10
PROFIT/LOSS ||J m; Wk
10
[VN] (business 0) to give or
produce a particular amount
of money as a profit or loss ^3k, ) : to
return a high rate of
interest A jM [#j 0 |!j 0 jt <> Last year the company
returned a loss of £157
million. A ^7 1-57
•
mnoun
11
COMING BACK 0 A 1 [sing.] ~ (to ...) (from ...) the action of arriving in or coming back to a
place that you were in before 03k; 03k; M0: He was met by his brother on
his return from Italy. ftfe/AtAf'J 03kWW^, JS-ffcH
0 I saw the play on its
return to Broadway. 7M$M0 W^?r.Btllclf
7^0 i 0 on the return flight/
joumey/trip l W&i &UJs
12
GIVING/SENDING
BACK B&; M 0 2
[U, sing.] the action
of giving, putting or
sending sth/sb back 017; ik 0;
i! 0 : We would appreciate the prompt return of
books to the library. Att,
0 The judge ordered the return of the child to his
mother. Ito 0 Write
your
return address (= the address that a
reply should be sent to) on the back of the envelope. if/Efjt ® 0 Ifl
0'fgltfeilko
OF FEELING/STATE /gM
: A U 3 [sing.] ~ (of sth) the situation when a
feeling or state that has not been