rue-ful /'rurfl/ adj. feeling or showing
that you are sad or sorry Jjg W; M f§ W; fi W: a rueful smile j# ££ — =& ► rue-ful-ly /'ruifali/ oc/v.: ‘So
this is goodbye/ she
said ruefully- ”
ruff /rAf/ noun 1 a ring of coloured
or marked feathers or fur around the neck of a bird or an animal 416$ (
) 2 a wide stiff white collar with many folds in it, worn
especially in the 16 th and 17th centuries ( Xmi=f 16 ft 17 )
ruffian /'rAfian/ noun (old-fashioned) a violent man,
especially one who commits crimes J| H; M ES33
THUG
ruff le / TaA/ verb, noun
a verb [VN] 1 ~ sth (up) to disturb the smooth
surface of sth, so that it is not even #$L; $177fl: She
ruffled his hair affectionately.
AAo
0 The bird ruffled up its feathers. ■£^2 733
%0 2 [often passive] to make sb annoyed,
worried or
upset MM', BQZIfluster: She
was obviously ruffled by his question. M'SLMljTftfeWlUSS ttJo 0 He never gets ruffled, even under pressure, ftp ikfE&tlZT, B1 ruffle sb’s/a
few 'feathers (informal) to annoy or upset sb or a group of
people M The
senator’s speech
ruffled a few feathers in the business world, fk \tL # iX M A±0 — more at smooth v.
mnoun [usually pi.] a strip of cloth that
is sewn in folds and is used to decorate a piece of clothing at the neck or
wrists (m P, 033
FRILL
ruffled /'rAfld/ adj. decorated with ruffles
ff fg fft W HT3 frilled
a ruffled blouse rug fr\g/ noun 1 a piece of
thick material like a small carpet that is used for covering or decorating part
of a floor /M&Hi; I&7:
a hearth rug (= in front of a fireplace)
It
jf* lu W 7 M H 2 (BrE) a piece of thick warm material, like a blanket,
that
is used for wrapping around your legs to keep warm ( II® ) j? ^ 7 3 (informal, especially NAmE) = toupee 11*7771 see pull v., sweep v.
rugby /'rAgbi/ (sometimes
after
.Rugby 'League noun [u] a form of rugby,
with 13 players in a team ( $|$A 13 A )
.Rugby 'Union (also informal rugger especially in BrE)
noun [U] a form of rugby,
with 15 players in a team 1$ 15 A )
rug ged /'rAgid/ adj. 1 (of the landscape MM) not level or smooth
and having rocks rather than plants or trees «W; |HJft77W; rugged cliffs %7ATt
W H 0 They admired the rugged beauty of the
coastline. W
It f: 3$ 9^ So
2 [usually before noun] (approving) (of
a man’s face H AW J&) having strong, attractive features ® M rfrj H
A M A W;
fi#"W 3 [usually before noun] (of a person A) determined to succeed
in a difficult situation, even if this means using force or upsetting other
people M 3S
W;
.. JSUBtW: a rugged individualist WTAiA# 4 (of equipment, clothing,
etc. i£ Hr , A IS W)
strong and designed to be used in difficult conditions ^ ^ W; Sot fi W : A less rugged vehicle would never have made the trip. 0 rugged
outdoor clothing W ► rug-ged-ly adv.:
ruggedly handsome fiJT rug-ged-ness noun [U] rug-ger /'rAga(r)/ noun [U] (informal, especially BrE) =
'rugger-bugger noun {BrE, informal) an enthusiastic
player or supporter of
noisy and aggressive 'rug rat noun (NAmE, informal) a child ruin On/Turin/ verb, noun
mverb [VN] 1 to damage sth so badly that it loses all
its value, pleasure, etc.; to spoil sth HUT; ff
jEi
EEZ3wreck:
The
bad weather ruined our trip. fiHM A, fi&iTTScfl 0 That one mistake ruined his
chances of getting the job.
Wfi^-o 0 My
new shoes got ruined in the mud. mwjffim&mmsmmibz
2
to make sb/sth lose all their money, their position, etc. A (
iXAAi&tv ) ; ISA: If she loses the court case it
will ruin her. MWLtET o 0 The country was ruined by
the
war.
mnoun 1 [U] the state or
process of being destroyed or severely damaged IS 17; ®!i7; ISA: A large
number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution. 7 'pp ii fir, i7 ^ Ik ^ IP IS
7 o 2 [U] the fact of having no money, of having lost your job,
position, etc. A; — fcEJfW; AAX# ( ) : The divorce ultimately
led to his ruin, — O The
bank
stepped in to save the
company from financial ruin, fi 3 [sing.] something
that causes a person,
company, etc. to lose all their money, job, position, etc. ( ) Wfi
M;
fiifi ECO
downfall : Gambling was his
ruin. H If HIT ftfeo 4 [C] (also ruins [pi.]) the parts of a
building that remain after it has been destroyed or severely damaged W.
Sir It; M : The old mill is now
little more than a ruin. <> 0
We visited the ruins of a Norman castle. f£CI#*JS!.7
^i! 7#AMMWitiio o (figurative) He was determined to build a new life
out of the ruins of his career. ikAESfrTf^frWX^o
Bl
in ruins destroyed
or severely damaged f l^S;
Affi:
Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.
O The scandal left
his reputation in ruins. So — more
at rack n.
ruin ation /.ruri'neijn/ noun [U] (formal)
the process of destroying sth/sb or being destroyed it 17 HTH
destruction : Urban development
has led to the ruination of vast areas of countryside. AAW^
fiWJg£17o
HU Sued CH* /Tuund/ adj. [only before noun]
(of a building, town, etc. it
. ft! ft
^) destroyed or severely damaged so that only parts remain ^17 W; f* a
ruined castle gWMM
ruin ous /'ruunas/ adj. (formal)
1 costing a lot of money and more than you can afford H^IelA W;
W: ruinous legal fees g H fi 2 causing serious
problems or damage 17# W; A)t
M
(of a town, building, etc.
ft! H, ^ ¥f) destroyed or
severely damaged 5SEW;
TSSffiW; a
ruinous chapel <> The buildings were in
a ruinous state. o ► ruin-ous-ly adv. ■
ruinously expensive rule 0-m/ru:l/ noun, verb mnoun
►
OF ACTIVITY/GAME
A Elj
■ 1 [C] a statement of what
may, must or must not be
done in a particular situation or when playing a game $y|ij; to follow/
obey/observe the rules j® % / S fk
/ i 7 M M'J 0 It’s against all rules
and regulations.
fiij $ o 0 to break a rule (= not follow it) 7/AMaE o This explains the rules
under which the library operates.
7 ffl XttWSAMI'J o o Without unwritten rules civilized life
would be impossible. 7f 7 A A W M
— see also ground rule
►
ADVICE it A 2 [C] a statement of
what you are advised
to do in a particular
situation HiX; There
are no hard and fast
rules for planning healthy meals.
**#«*{**:»»*, o The first
rule is to make eye
contact with your interviewer.
— see also golden rule
►
HABIT/NORMALLY TRUE 3} ffi ; 3 [C, usually sing.] a
habit; the normal state of
things; what is true in most cases He makes it a rule
never
to borrow money. M W M JS fk 7 W A ft f! 0 o I
go to bed early as a rule, o
Cold winters here