pays to receive a service ft #; Jfj ft: subscribers to cable television^ ^e&XIMI ft

sub scrip tion /sab'skripjn/ noun [C, U] 1 ~ (to/for sth) an amount of money you pay, usually once a year, to receive regular copies of a newspaper or magazine, etc.; the act of paying this money ( XR ftj #   ) iT C$

$, iT ik, iT l#J, iT : an annual subscription — ft iT 1$ 0 to take out a subscription to ‘Newsweek’ iT |M] « fTJ /§} fij» 0 to cancel/renew a subscription ii iX;

iT 0 Copies are available by subscription, ift f J ^ {ft iT PTaJ d 2 (BrE) a sum of money that you pay regularly to a charity, or to be a member of a club or to receive a service; the act of paying this money (          )

fem#Nfc     (K#W)J8ft£;&

M# ( sfeJR&& ) #)£.!$ 023 donation : a monthly subscription to Oxfam ^Min3 the act of people paying money for sth to be done H fa ft &J; M A statue in his memory was erected by public

subscription. ft A fi. j£ ©        £2 $ it $1 Jit it „

c> note at payment

sub'scription concert noun (BrE) any of the concerts in a series for which the tickets are sold in advance

)

sub-sec tion /‘SAbsekXn/ noun a part of a section, espe­cially of a legal document Al£; ( AXh&^iA# W ) Atfc, M

sub se quent /'SAbsikwant/ od/'. (formal) happening or coming after sth else Jsftj;      £?!§(&;

FTJ3 previous : subsequent generations fM ft 0 Subse­quent events confirmed our doubts.

0 Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a subsequent report, it®    1$ ITJ

sub-se-quent-ly /'sAbsikwantli/ adv. (formal) after­wards; later; after sth else has happened gtJA; fiTH;

£ 70 ; XI # : The original interview notes were subse­quently lost. Hftifi^JgH J0 H7 o 0 Subsequently, new guidelines were issued to all employees, fi® J0, 0r &tJ

subsequent to prep, (formal) after; following ft-£ /0 ;      ••• £ Is : There have been further developments

subsequent to our meeting. & He Cl #1 A J& X ^ Ur

tic

sub-ser-vi-ent /sab's3:viant; /Mm£ -'S3:rv-/ ud/. 1 - (to sb/sth) (disapproving) too willing to obey other people 7^ Jitfj; Mftt; The press was

accused of being subservient to the government. WAXa Iff HrWIf—s &<> 2 ~ (to sth) (formal) less important than sth else #; 3c; M. M A : The needs of individuals were subservient to those of the group as a whole.         subser-vi-

ence /-ans/ noun [U]

sub-set /'SAbset/ noun (technical Ain) a smaller group of people or things formed from the members of a larger group 5H&; 'MM; AH

sub-side /sab'said/ verb [V] 1 to become calmer or quieter      AS; M ift ft il: She waited

nervously for his anger to subside.

A AS TAo 0 I took an aspirin and the pain gradually

subsided,   mmmmmr. 2 (of

water 7jc) to go back to a normal level fnJ 5; Mil; The flood waters gradually subsided. A A ift M Ip] M    3 (of

land or a building iik ffi iiJc ll #J) to sink to a lower level; to sink lower into the ground Rift; Mil#; TPft: Weak foundations caused the house to subside, ft A itfc S A£, ^A^IXI'fl

subsidence /sab'saidns; 'sAbsidns/ noun [u] the process by which an area of land sinks to a lower level than normal, or by which a building sinks into the ground ( ) Rift, iftpft APS

sub sidiarity /sab.sidi’aeriti; .SAbsidi-; NAmE -'eriti/ noun [U] the principle that a central authority should not be very powerful, and should only control things which cannot be controlled by local organizations %| fij

IKM'l, MAUSM'J ( iM# )

sub sid iary /sab'sidiari; NAmE-dieri/ adj., noun

is adj. 1 ~ (to sth) connected with sth but less important

than it $jf ffo(ft; PMXft&ft         033 additional:

subsidiary information        o a subsidiary matter pft

A |nj JH 0 (BrE) I’m taking History as a subsidiary subject (- one that is not studied in as great depth as a main subject). $ XE ft A ft ^ 31 & # S <, 2 (of a business company A MJ) owned or controlled by another com­pany PfXMGA Aflitt

noun (pi. -ies) a business company that is owned or controlled by another larger company PMH AM]; A AM] sub sid ize (BrE also -ise) /'SAbsidaiz/ verb [VN] to give money to sb or an organization to help pay for sth; to give a subsidy        XbSA          033 fund:

The housing projects are subsidized by the government.

S       0 She’s not prepared to

subsidize his gambling any longer.

► sub sid iza tion, -isa-tion /.SAbsidai'zeiJn; NAmE -da'z-/ noun [U]

sub-sidy /'SAbsadi/ noun (pi. -ies) [C, U] money that is paid by a government or an organization to reduce the costs of services or of producing goods so that their prices can be kept low Xb tt ; Xb fltl ft ; W      :

agricultural subsidies A 4k Xb tt 0 to reduce the level of subsidy

sub sist /sab'sist/ verb [V] 1 ~ (on sth) to manage to stay alive, especially with limited food or money ( AXeUW Bt 0 : Old people often subsist

on very small incomes.

®0O 2 (formal) to exist; to be valid The

terms of the contract subsist.

sub-sist-ence /sab'sistans/ noun [u] the state of having just enough money or food to stay alive Many families are living below the level of subsistence. iT 0O o to live below (the) subsistence level <> They had no visible means of subsistence. #, i\] A ib A W o 0 subsistence agri- culture/farming (= growing enough only to live on, not to sell)  S # P MTJ § t&fcAk 0 subsistence

crops 0 He worked a 16-hour day for a subsist­

ence wage (= enough money to buy only basic items).

16AAW,      it.

sub-soil /'SAbsail/ noun [U] the layer of soil between the surface of the ground and the hard rock underneath it jfe±; A± — compare topsoil sub-son-ic /.SAb'somk; NAmE -'sa:n-/ adj. less than the speed of sound; flying at less than the speed of sound 4F.AiSlTJ; 4kAllAXT^J —compare supersonic sub-stance o-w /'sAbstans/ noun 1 [C] a type of solid, liquid or gas that has particular qualities       np; A : a chemical/radioactive,

etc. substance it A. tk It f-fe # M <> banned/illegal substances (= drugs)          O a sticky substance

      2 [U] the quality of being based on

facts or the truth A ^ ®  : Xti is : It was malicious

gossip, completely without substance. & ft M M. ia ig. A A '2X W A XS k?; -  0 The commission’s report gives

substance to these allegations. ^ Tr A W XIX A fl ®  &

Xt A T         ^ o 0 There is some substance in what he

says, ilk W-it A- ft—S XS U W o 3 [U] the most important or main part of sth AA*;      A lM W: Love

and guilt form the substance of his new book, ilk W fpf A A 3c ^ 1# Mi% 0 6 1 agreed with what she said in substance, though not with every detail. )(TAM0fi#,lTj,

a m a ® n a m A b rj .it , f a * a a # t# m m rj w 0

4 [U] (formal) importance    H77I significance:

matters of substance M A [Ml M O Nothing of any substance was achieved in the meeting. A iX '& W Wi Vf XT: ffnTil a man/woman of 'substance (formal) a rich and powerful man or woman HA-/4cA

sub-standard oc/y. not as good as normal; not accept­able A AAA AAX&ER 033inferior: substandard goods

sub stan tial O-w /sab'staenjl/ fldy.

1 large in amount, value or importance A ft 6A ft ft fT'AfTl: M Afrk H33considerable: substantial sums of money   o a substantial change