heart attack, fife Gt Jffi £ ffc fi| F* jr 0 o The party suffered
a humiliating defeat in the general election. i% 0 rfte company
suffered huge losses in the last financial year, &A] & ± — Ws *£ jt & M
Eel 3®
A o 3 [V] to become worse $ H ; $ fit : His school work is
suffering because of family problems. &
M, fife £KJ 0 ffliM'fco
ITTnn
not suffer fools gladly to have very little patience with people
that you think are stupid Affr&SMS#
sufferance /'SAfarans/ noun [U] I1TT771 on 'sufferance if you do sth on
sufferance, sb allows you to do it although they do not really
want you to |e] M;
if ( SAW ) : He’s only staying
here on suffer
ance. fi&&£Att®N*tf*aiJL«io
sufferer
/'SAfara(r)/
noun a person who suffers,
especially sb who is suffering from a disease M$i#;
#;
M #: cancer sufferers jig £e
# 0 She
received many letters of support from fellow sufferers,
suffering o-w /'sAfarnj/ noun
1
[U]
physical or mental pain iffB ;
Death finally brought an end to her suffering. fE
t ^ A
O
This war has caused widespread human suffering. So
2
sufferings
[pi.]
feelings of pain and unhappiness Jg i^r; : The hospice aims to
ease the sufferings of the dying.
suffice /sa'fais/ verb (formal) (not used in the
progressive tenses A A ff Ht) to be enough for sb/sth jg.
; fiL HX: [V] Generally a brief
note or a phone call will suffice. o o[Vtoinf]
One example will suffice to illustrate the point. *AM Arr^n
suffice (it) to say (that) ... used to suggest that
although you could say more, what you do say will be enough to explain what you
mean^M^ift;
sufficiency /sa'fijnsi/ noun [sing.] ~ (of sth) (formal) an amount of sth that
is enough for a particular purpose
3£J£
sufficient Ott /sa'fijnt/ ad/
~
(to
do
sth)
| ~ (for
sth/sb)
enough
for a particular purpose; as much as you need jg^Eft; fEhLfft: Allow sufficient time
to get there. © £bWRtlWffiFiSMAo O These reasons are not
sufficient to justify the ban.
6
0 Is £100 sufficient for your
expenses? * 100 {ft & ^ ?
PTJ3 insufficient
— see also self-sufficient ► suf fi cient ly adv.: The following
day she felt sufficiently well to go to work, f^z: A, KflU,
suffix /‘sAfiks/ noun (grammar tAA) a letter or group of
letters added to the end of a word to make another word, such as -ly in quickly or -ness in sadness Jg ( fin fflWjj&fris], fin
quickly 4* (ft -ly sadness A Eft -ness ) — compare affix n., prefix
n.(l) suffocate
/'sAfakeit/
verb 1 to die because there
is no air to breathe; to kill sb by not letting them breathe air ( fife ) ( IE--- ) [V] Many dogs have
suffocated in hot cars, if 'J&
Eft H A M ta 1^ ^E
7
o o [VN] The couple were
suffocated by fumes from a
o 0 He put the pillow over her face and suffocated her. fifeiifit^J§ftftfe#Jl&,
-fEMS^ETo 0 (figurative) She felt suffocated by all the rules and
regulations. idfe-g: AT J^WSPlSj&^flltilEft^^o
2 [V] be suffocating if it is
suffocating, it is very hot and there is little
fresh air
it A [is 'at fa] ; |^: Can I open a window?
It’s suffocating in here! JEANNE
T ! ► suf-fo-ca-tion /.SAfa'keiJn/ noun [U]: to die of
suffocation % jvM^E
suf fo cat ing /'SAfakeitiri/ adj. 1 making it difficult
to breathe normally AAnfu$fr]Eft;
j^j{^AIJj>Eft pyifTl stifling . The afternoon heat was suffocating. A T J& 1# it A A
HH Ac 2 restricting
what sb/sth can do ® fife M p M Eft; £fe ffl Eft; A it '14 Eft: Some marriages can
sometimes feel suffocating, fi if I® A fit i t; A M Wt
suffra gan /‘sAfragan/ (also suffragan bishop) noun a bishop who is an assistant to a bishop
of a particular DIOCESE
suffrage /‘sAfrid3/ noun [U] the right to vote in
political elections universal suffrage (= the
right of all adults to
vote) -ff
jAfiZ o women’s
suffrage
fi3
suf-fra
gette /,SAfra'd3et/
noun a member of a group of
women who, in Britain and the US in the early part of the 20th century, worked
to get the right for women to vote in political elections ( 20 )
suffuse /sa'fjuiz/
verb [VN] [often passive] ~ sb/sth (with sth) (literary) (especially of a
colour, light or feeling Alt Mlk, to
spread all over or through sb/sth
Ail; ; Ail: Her face was suffused
with colour.
filfei!M£I. 0 Colour suffused her
face,
frtfeil^ll^lo Sufi
/'suifi/
noun a member of a Muslim
group who try to become united with God through prayer and meditation and by living a very simple, strict life A AMfi!
Ain*
— ) ► Suf-ism noun [U] su-furia /sui'fuiria/ noun (EAfrf) a metal pot used for
cooking
Sugar
0-w
/'Joga(r)/
noun,
verb, exclamation mnoun 1 [U] a sweet substance,
often in the form of white or brown crystals,
made from the juices of various plants, used in cooking or to make tea, coffee,
etc. sweeter # ff: a sugar plantation/refinery/bowl 1/MiI; j<r;
fipfftt 0 This
juice contains no added sugar. o Do you take
sugar (= have
it in your tea, coffee,
etc.)? M Wt H ? — see also
BROWN
SUGAR, CANE SUGAR, CASTER SUGAR, GRANULATED sugar, icing sugar 2 [C] the amount of sugar
that a small spoon can hold or that is contained in a small cube, added
to tea, coffee, etc. — ft H; — A fit: How many sugars do
you take in coffee? A in n][
Stfc/U&Afit? 3 [C, usually pi.] (technical
Ata)
any of various sweet substances that are found naturally in plants, fruit, etc.
( jg $f, A ^ # ff ^ (HJ ) H : fruit sugars A ^ 0 a person’s blood
sugar level (= the amount of glucose in their blood) —
4 [U] (informal, especially
later, sugar. MM,
a verb [VN] to add sugar to sth;
to cover sth in sugar fe ■ ■ ■ AfioM; [021 see pill
«
exclamation used to show that you
are annoyed when you do sth stupid or when sth goes wrong (to avoid
saying‘shit’) ( g# shit
J.'MF, AJM: Oh sugar! I’ve forgotten my
book!
'sugar beet noun [u] a plant with a
large round root, from which sugar is made
'sugar
cane noun [u] a tall tropical
plant with thick stems from which sugar is made
#]$!
'sugar-coat verb [VN] to do sth that
makes an unpleasant situation seem less unpleasant H it, tfr
( Alt'IAWM)
.sugar-'coated
adj. 1 covered with sugar
fiitt 2 (disapproving) made to seem
attractive, in a way that tricks people Jj fit) ^ ffi ^ 61W:
a sugar-coated promise St
'sugar
cube noun
(especially NAm£) = sugar lump 'sugar daddy noun (informal) a rich older man who
gives presents and money to a much younger woman, usually in return for sex St#
( 11 AAfitfif
mmj
sug
aring /'Jugarir)/
noun
[U] 1 a way of removing
hair from your skin using a mixture of sugar and water fi# A Jj# %
?£ 2 the process of boiling juice from a maple tree until it becomes sugar Mlfl&fli1]
'sugar lump (also lump) (both Br£) (also sugar cube NAmE, BrE) noun a small cube of sugar, used in cups of tea or
coffee AH
sugarplum /'JugaplAm;
NAmE -garp-/ noun (especially NAmE) a small round
sweet/candy /MUHA; H V.