SUre-ly 0-w /'Juab; NAmE 'Jurli/ ac/v.

1 used to show that you are almost certain of what you are saying and want other people to agree with you

Surelywe

should do something about it? Ik #J M # S A A & nE ? o It’s surely only a matter of time before he is found, isn’t it? Ik SlMife K H AA fs] |pj US, A A A ? 2 used with a negative to show that sth surprises you and you do not want to believe it (       A^2t UA Sf@ T:

Surely you don’t think I was responsible for this? ^ 0 ‘They’re getting

married.’Surely not!’ ‘MMHc^nlfTo ” “AMBB! ” o They won’t go, surely? {MM AM3I Eft1c ^ pE ? 3 {formal) without doubt; certainly AH; i&A: He knew that if help did not arrive soon they would surely die. it, Ml^AAHo 4 (old-fashioned, NAmE, informal) used to say ‘yes’ to sb or to agree to sth (  see slowly

sure-ness /'Juanas; 'Jo;-; NAmE 'Jurnas/ noun [u] the quality of being confident and steady; not hesitating or doubting tfitlt) fit;     AIEII; an

artist’s sureness of touch laltfl^jAAEft^lM 0 her sure­ness that she had done the right thing ft BjilitffA surety /'Juarati; 'Jo:r-; NAmE 'Jur-/ noun [C, U] {pi. -ies) {law #) 1 money given as a promise that you will pay a debt, appear in court, etc. ^ HE ^ : She was granted bail with a surety of $500.          500

Mo 2 a person who accepts responsibility if sb else does not pay a debt, appear in court, etc. |£-uEA; li|£ A: to act as surety for sb A^A'M'&A surf /s3if; NAmE S3:rf/ noun, verb

m noun [U] large waves in the sea or ocean, and the white foam that they produce as they fall on the beach, on rocks, etc.      : the sound of surf breaking

on the beach -/^[AEl/^EftMilf 0 Sydney, surf capital of the world (= where the sport of surfing is very popular)

                  verb 1 [V, VN] (often go surfing) to take part in the sport of riding on waves on a surfboard 'if ® ill

#jyJ| 2 [VN] ~ the Net/lnternet to use the Internet

(         titF, $i])Ki: I was surfing the Net

looking for information on Indian music. Ik IE ± |»] $ lie

surface /'S3;fis; NAmE‘s3irfisl noun, verb m noun 1 [C] the outside or top layer of sth A®; AM; ffi: an uneven road surface  o Weil need

aflat surface to play the game on. Ik fi] A A X ffi A ft IS A A o O Teeth have a hard surface layer called enamel.         o a broad leaf

with a large surface area AffifKIIAlft^Bt 2 [C, usually sing.] the top layer of an area of water or land 7jcffi; Mb jg;      : the earth’s surface jfe^tAffi o These plants

float on the surface of the water. ik # II %         # .$E ?]c ®

±0      3 [C] the flat upper part of a piece of furniture,

that is used for working on (  ) Mffi, a

work surface % jfe n 0 She’s cleaned all the kitchen surfaces. MMMlftlAMr ft ®A*l£X#7o 4 [sing.] the outer appearance of a person, thing or situation; the qualities that you see or notice, that are not hidden A®; £hA;     Rage bubbled just below the surface

ofhismind.&kfEj&ij'^-Mffi,          D335J on

the surface when not thought about deeply or thor­oughly; when not looked at carefully A®±;

#; Ap—it seems like a good idea on the surface but there are sure to be problems.        IS#

|b]I£o 0 On the surface, he appeared unchanged. more at scratch v.

                  verb 1 [V] to come up to the surface of water f\ 3\ 7jt

® ; Hi 7jc ® emerge : The ducks dived and

surfaced again several metres away. ^A^IAtRA,

A JL A ft ^ £±i 7k ® o 2 [V] to suddenly appear or become obvious after having been hidden for a while

(      ) mm, mm&w, mu, «

tflM emerge: Doubts began to surface. A® Aift 0 She surfaced again years later in London.

3 [V] {informal) to wake up or get up after being asleep @1 A ; M A : He finally surfaced around noon. fMI-AAXXAASlXo 4 [VN] to put a surface on a road, path, etc.

'surface mail noun [U] letters, etc. carried by road, rail or sea, not by air tIcKMIMI1; A#®#

'surface structure noun {grammar ig-A) the structure of a well-formed sentence in a language, rather than its underlying form AM^rI^I — compare deep struc­ture

.surface 'tension noun [U] {technical At«) the property (= characteristic) of liquids by which they form a layer at their surface, and which makes sure that this surface covers as small an area as possible Affi'jfcA .surface-to-'air adj. [only before noun] (especially of missiles AIh M#) fired from the ground or from ships and aimed at aircraft MAM Eft; US, AS Eft .surface-to-'surface adj. [only before noun] (especially of missiles X |g #) fired from the ground or from ships and aimed at another point on the ground or a ship Mb { MM ) Aitfe ( MM ) ® surfactant /ssr'faektant; NAmE S3:r'f-/ noun [C, U]

                  {technical Ain) a substance that reduces the surface tension of a liquid, often forming bubbles in the liquid AffitSMJ ( W>WlWAffi^A, t'M))

                  {medical K) a substance that keeps the lungs working well to prevent breathing problems 1$ A ® fS '14 M

(Krjtimmm)

surfboard /'s3ifbo:d; NAmE 's3:rfbo:rd/ (also board) noun a long narrow board used for surfing surfeit /'S3ifit; NAmE 'S3:rfit/ noun [usually sing.] ~ (of sth) {formal) an amount that is too large AM excess surfer /'S3:fa(r); NAmE 'S3:rfar/ noun 1 a person who goes surfing A It Atlls Eft A 2 (also 'Net surfer) {informal) a person who spends a lot of time using the Internet ( M A — see also

SILVER SURFER

surfie /'S3:fi; NAmE 'S3:rfi/ noun {AustralE, NZE, informal) a person who is enthusiastic about surfing, especially a young man ( AIhJUWX )

surfing /'S3:fir); NAmE 'S3:rf-/ noun [U] 1 the sport of riding on waves while standing on a narrow board called a surfboard A /I A zjfr : to go surfing A AII

                 picture o page R34 2 the activity of looking at

different things on the Internet in order to find sth interesting, or of changing between TV channels in order to find an interesting programme (         ) A

m, mm, nm-, )

'surf lifesaver noun {AustralE, NZE) = lifeguard .surf ,n> 'turf noun [U] {NAmE) seafood and steak served together as a meal surge /s3id3; NAmE S3:rd3/ verb, noun

                  verb [V] 1 [+adv./prep.] to move quickly and with force

in a particular direction ?! ; Ml ®     ® if : The gates

opened and the crowd surged forward. A H lIMf T , A51 Ift Itj ® A o 0 Flood waters surged into their homes. 7JC M ATItfelll WMXo 2 [usually +adv./prep.] to fill sb with a strong feeling ^ Mb M 31 0Q3 sweep : Relief surged through her.      3 (of prices, profits,

etc.    |i] M #) to suddenly increase in value jyD'J

All; “k'M;     Share prices surged. jfES.Wi

                 related noun upsurge 4 (of the flow of electrical power %^t) to increase suddenly /H®

                  noun 1 ~ (of sth) a sudden increase of a strong feeling

(         HUH rush: She felt a sudden

surge of anger,    o a surge of excite­ment          —see also upsurge 2 ~ (in/of sth) a

sudden increase in the amount or number of sth; a large amount of sth (          AS;

—Altt: a surge in consumer spending      o

We are having trouble keeping up with the recent surge in demand. AX, IkllAtmj^Ao 0 After an initial surge of interest, there has been little call for our services.         AlkllMM#^

—see also upsurge 3 ~ (of sth) a sudden, strong forward or upward movement # ® Ift BU;   a tidal surge 4 a sudden

increase in the flow of electrical power through a system ( A ylt ) /I ri: An electrical surge damaged the