computer’s disk drive.电流浪涌损坏了计算机的磁盘驱
动器。
surgeon /'S3：d38n; NAmE 'S3：rd30n/ noun a doctor who is
trained to perform surgery (= medical operations that involve cutting open a
person’s body)夕卜科医生： a brain/heart, etc.
surgeon脑外科、心政外科等医生
—compare
physician
.Surgeon 'General noun (pi. Surgeons General) (in the
surgery 接受心脏手术◊ ffe wiH
require surgery, on his Ze片fcnee.彳也的左膝需要做鲁术。RHia In American English
the countable form can be used： She
had three surgeries over ten days.美国英语可用复数形式_: She
had three surgeries over ten days. —see also open-heart
surgery, plastic surgery 2 [U,
C] (6r£) the time during which a doctor, dentist or vet is available to see patients 应.诊时间：momfng/a/temooo/evem'ng
surge/y上午/下午/ ‘间应诊时间◊ surgery hours应诊 时间◊ Is there a surgery this evening?.今晚看没有医生应 诊？ 3 [C]
(A/zAmf
office)
a
place where a doctor, dentist or vet sees
patients 诊室；门诊处：a doctor^/ dentist’s surgery 医生的 /牙医的诊g 4 [C] (8r£) a time when
people can meet their Member of Parliament to ask questions and get help (议员的）接待时间：a constituency surgery接待选区选良命间
sur-gi-cal
/'S3：d3ikl; NAmE 'S3：rd3-/ adj. [only before noun] used in oi\ connected
with surgery 夕卜科的；外科手.术
的：surgi'caZ procedures 手‘未程序◊ a surgicaZ ward (=for patients having
operations)外科手术病房►.sur- gi-cal-ly /-kli/ adv. ： The lumps will need to be surgically removed这些肿块需手术切除。
.surgical
'spirit (6r£) {NAmE 'rubbing alcohol) noun [U] a clear liquid,
consisting mainly of alcohol, used for cleaning wounds, etc.齒用酒精；消毒用酒精
surly /'S3：li; NAmE 'S3：rli/ adj. (sur-lier, sur-li-est)
bad-
tempered and rude脾气坏的；乖戾的；态度粗秦的： a sur〖y youth 脾气暴躁的年轻人► sur.H.ness nown [U] surmise verb, noun
m verb /sa'maiz; NAmE ser'm-/ {formal) to guess or suppose
sth using the evidence you have, without definitely knowing 推测；猜测 eem conjecture ： [V (that)] From
the looks on their faces, I surmised that they had had an argument.看他们的聡色，我猜想他们之间袅生了
争执。[also
V，V speech,
VN，V wh-]
mnoun /'S3：maiz; NAmE 'S3：rm-/ [U, C, usually sing.] {formal) a guess based on some
facts that you know already 推测；猜测：r/iis is pure surmise
on my part.. & 纯粹 我的猜测。
surmount /sa'maunt;
NAmE sar'm-/ verb [VN] (formal)
1
to deal successfully
with a difficulty 克服；解决 overcome ： She was well aware of
the difficulties that had to be survnoimted.她很清楚必须克滅哪些困难。
2
[usually, passive] to be placed on top of sth 处于 (某物）上面；置于（桌物）顶端：a high co〖umn surmounted by a statue顶端立着一尊雕像的高大的柱子
surname tHf /'S3：neim; NAmE 'S3：rn-/ noun {especially Br£)
a name shared by all the
members of a family (written last in English names) —compare family name,
LAST
NAME
surpass
/sa'pais;
NAmE ssr'pass/ verb (formal) to do or be better than
sb/sth 超过；胜;!i;优于：[VN] He hopes one day to
surpass the worW record.他希望有一天能刷新
世界纪录〇 0 Its
success has surpassed all expectations. 它命取得的成功远远超出了预期。◊ Her cooking was always good, but this
time she had surpassed herself (=done better than her own high standards).她的厨艺
向来不错，但这—次她更是胜过以往。◊Mscene/yo/
surpassing beauty无比优美的景色
surplice /'S3：plas; NAmE 'S3：rp-/ noun a loose white piece
of clothing with wide sleeves worn by priests and singers in the choir during church services (教士和唱
诗班穿的)•白色罩衣
surplus/'S3：pl0s; /VAmf'S3：rp-/ noun, adj.
m noun [C, U] 1 an amount that
is extra or more than you need过剩；剩余;过剩量；剩余额：/ood surpluses金剩 的食物◊ Wheat was fn
su/pius that year.那一年小麦过
.剩。2 the amount by which the
amount of money received is greater than the amount of money spent 盈余；顺差■: a trade surphis
o/£400 miHion * 4 亿英镑 的贸易盈余◊ The balance 〇/ payments was in su/phw
last
year {=
the value of exports was greater than the value of imports).去年国际收支有盈余。一compare deficit ⑴
3
~ (to sth) more than is needed or used 过剩的；剩
余的；多余的：surplus cash剩余的现金◊ SurpZus grafn is
being soW/or export.过剩的谷物正销往国外。◊ 77iese items are surplus to requirements (= not needed),
项木需要。
SUr-prise
tH* /sa'praiz; NAmE sar'p-/ noun, verb
_n〇M/7 1 {C] an event，a piece of news,
etc. that is unexpected or that happens suddenly 意 想不到 （或突然） 的 事；令人惊奇的事（或消息等）：What a nice sunrise/ i是it人惊喜！ <>
q surprise attacfc 突然袭击◊ TTiere are /ew surprises in this year’s budget.今_知预算案没有多
少出人意料的地方。◊ J have a surprise/or you/莪蔞告 诉你一件你意想不到的事！ ◊
It comes as no surprise to Zearn that they broke thei‘r promises•得知他们食言労1 不 让人觉得意外。◊. Her Zetter came as a comptete surprise. 万万没想到会收到她的信。◊ There ar^Jots 〇/ surprises fnstore/or visitors to the gaZiery.参观画展的人将会发现
许多令他们惊奇的东西。〇 Visitors
to the gaHe/y are m /or a/ew surprises.参观画展的人将会见到一些令他们惊
奇的东西。2 [U，C] ~ (at sth)丨〜（at seeing，hearing, etc.) a feeling
caused by sth happening suddenly or unexpectedly 惊奇；惊讶；意夕卜：a Zoofc 〇/ surprise
惊 讶的i情◊ She Zoofced up
fnsu/prise•她惊岳地冶起头。
<0> He gasped with surprise at her strength.发现她有这么 大的力气，他大吃一惊。◊ rhey couldn’t conceaZ
their surprise at seeing us together.看见我们在一起，他们表
现由掩饰不住的铭异。◊ I got a surprise w/zen J saw the ML.1
— # 账单我 了一惊。◊ Much to my su/*prise, J passed•压根儿没想到，_ 及格了。◊ To everyone’s surprise, t/iepian succeeded.出乎所有人的意料，I卩个计 划堯然i得T成功。◊ Imagine our surprise when he waWced into the
room/你想象一下，他走进房间时，我们
多么惊奇！ ； 3 [U] the use of methods
that cause feelings of surprise出人意表的做事方式；出奇制胜的策略：A successful campaign should have an
element of surprise. 成功的宣传活动需有出奇制胜之处。D3SI surprise， sur'prise (//7/or/r7fl/) 1 (ironic, often disapproving) used to show that sth is
not a surprise to you, as you could easily have predicted that it would happen
or be true (认为不足怪时说）：One 〇/the candidates was the manager's niece, and
surprise, surprise, she got the job. 求职者中有一个是经理的侄女，结果她被录甩了——这 有.什么奇怪的呢。2 used when giving sb a surprise (让某人感到意4时说）想不到吧：Surprise, surprise/
Loofc vWio’s here/想不到吧！看看这是谁！ take sb/sth by sur'prise to attack or capture
sb/sth unexpectedly or without warning突袭；出其不意地抓获：TTie poZice took the burgiars by surprise.警方出其不:意地逮捕f入室 窃贼。take sb by sur’prise to happen unexpectedly
so tiiat sb is slightly shocked; to surprise sb 使某人惊奋；
出乎某人意料：Jfis 介cmfcness toot her by
surprise.她没 料到他竟如此坦率。
verfc 1 to make sb feel
surprised 使惊奇；使铭异；使感
到意外：[VN] ft vvouWn’t surprise me i/ they got
married soon.即使他们很快就结婚，我也不会感到意外。0[VN wh-] Jt’s ahvays surprised me how popukir he is•他怎么 那么受欢迎，我百思不得其解。◊[VNthat]Jtsurprises me
that youVe never sung pro/essio/iaHy.想不到标从来 没搞过专业演唱。◊ [VN to inf] WouW ft surprise you to know that
thinking o/teaving?如果我告诉你我打算 离开这里，你觉得意外码？ 2
[VN] to attack，discover, etc.，sb suddenly and unexpectedly 出其不意也攻击;’使