surreptitious /.SArap'tiJos; NAmE ts3:r-/
adj. done secretly or quickly, in the hope that other people will not
notice ffe $ M BQEI
furtive : She
sneaked a surreptitious glance at her watch. ►
sur-rep-ti-tious-ly adv.
sur
ro gacy /'sAragasi; NAmE
's3:r-/ noun [U] the practice of
giving birth to a baby for another woman who is unable to have babies herself surrogate /'SAragat; NAmE
'S3:r-/ adj. (formal) used to describe a person or thing that takes the
place of, or is used instead of, sb/sth else W; ftiffi Eft: She saw him as a
sort of surrogate father, @
X,
feEft Ao ► surrogate noun
.surrogate
’mother noun a woman who gives birth to a baby for
another woman who is unable to have babies herself
surround Cht
/sa'raund/
verb, noun m verb [VN] 1 ~ sth/sb (with sth) to be all around
sth/sb H Tall trees surround
the lake.
£f$]tlM!AWo 0 The lake is surrounded with/by trees.
J$fj
0
the membranes surrounding the brain JgfM o As a child
1
was surrounded by love
and kindness. A
H
c 2 ~ sb/sth (with
sb/sth) to
move into position all around sb/sth, especially so as to prevent them from
escaping; to move sb/sth into position in this way
( ) 1*111, HX: Police surrounded the
building.
X
IS 7 IP 7 o 0 They’ve surrounded the
building with police. ftlMIfel JWfcfcfco 3 to be closely
connected with sth/sb ■% • • • H: 40 A; publicity
surrounding the divorce i£ & I® ft# W 4ft 3t
4 ~ yourself with sb/sth to choose to have
particular people or things near you all the time A )
; ) : I like to surround
myself with beautiful
things. &&7X%
« noun a border or an area
around the edge of sth, especially one that is decorated ( %rp£HJ ) ffrii; ft] 01 surround-ing tHt /so’raundir)/ adj.
[only
before noun] that
is near or around sth ftJH64; :
the surrounding area
surround ings (Hr /so'raundnjz/ noun [pi.] everything
that is around or near sb/sth R Eff3TB environment : to work in pleasant surroundings X X (ft X X X ❖ The buildings
have been designed to
blend in with their
surroundings.
o note at environment
sur’round sound noun [u] a system for
reproducing sound using several speakers
(= the pieces of equipment that the sound comes out of) placed around the
person listening in order to produce a more realistic sound
surtax
/‘S3:taeks;
NAmE 'S3:rt-/ noun [U] a tax charged at a higher rate than the
normal rate, on income above a particular level ( XflSM—) PX&Ufft Sur-titles™ /'S3:taitlz; NAmE
'S3:rt-/ noun [pi.] words that translate what is being sung in an opera, or spoken in a play in the
theatre, into a different language and appear on a screen above or beside the
stage ^-iS]#4t
surveil lance /s3:'veil0ns; NAmE
S3:r'v-/ noun [u] the act of carefully watching a person suspected of a
crime or a place where a crime may be committed ( XfX A ) M BBC! observation : The police are
keeping the suspects under constant surveillance. # fc-JEMWtM. A^S&Xla] <,
o surveillance
cameras/equipment / iiilr
sur-vey (Hr
noun,
verb
m noun /'S3:vei; NAmE
'S3:rvei/ 1 an investigation of the opinions, behaviour, etc. of a particular
group of people, which is usually done by asking them questions K frii ^; X M
: A recent survey showed 75% of those questioned were in favour of the plan.
H iir 64 S M IT 75% o
The
survey revealed that ... ••• o to conduct/
cany out a survey itt ft — ^ K M. i®l 3: 2 the act of
examining and recording the measurements, features,
etc. of an area of land
in order to make a map or plan of it $Jft; IKj$iJ
; }|J^: an aerial survey (= made by taking photographs from an
aircraft) ta $ $Jj ft 0 a geological survey 3
(BrE) an examination of the
condition of a house, etc.,
usually done for sb who is thinking of buying it ( A ) fcMM.fi
4 a general study, view or description of
sth X X frjf TklHXX; $£]£: a comprehensive survey
of modern music
s verb /sa'vei; NAmE S0r'vei/ [VN] 1 to look carefully at
the whole of sth, especially in order to get a general impression of it lr|t;
'XM; EgCT inspect The next morning we surveyed the damage caused by the
fire. IX
0 0 He surveyed
himself in the mirror before
going out.
tfc} H HU ffeXflf It 7IEI S^IS,7‘ ic 2
to study and give a general description of sth & X % ; ft
ffi if X; MX: This chapter briefly surveys the current state
of European politics. o note at
examine 3 to
measure and record the features of an area of land, for example in order to
make a map or in preparation for building $ij ft ; ffl]
|ij; $ij 4 (BrE) to examine a building to make sure it is
in good condition ( ^3: 5 to
investigate the opinions
or behaviour of a group
of people by asking them a series of questions ( Xh- )'ftfcKftlHSt, ftt'U
EH7I interview : We surveyed 500 smokers and found that
over three quarters would like to give up. ffcffJXf
500
mm.
’survey course noun {NAmE) a college course
that gives an introduction to a subject for people who are thinking about
studying it further ( ) Mi&ilil,
sur-vey-or /s0'vei0(r); NAmE sar'v-/ noun 1
a person whose job is to examine and record the details of a piece of land ( ±ife ) ftijftft; SMB ft 2 (BrE) (NAmE in- spect*or) a person whose job is
to examine a building to make sure it is in good condition, usually done for sb
who is thinking of buying it ( ) I^A
3 (BrE)
an official whose job
is to check that sth is accurate, of good quality, etc. ft ; ^ Hf: the surveyor
of public works rfr i$t X |e
llr — see also quantity SURVEYOR
sur-viv-able /sa'vaivabl; NAmE sar'v-/ adj. (of an accident or
experience able to be survived rJ
nf : a survivable air
crash g|
survival /sa'vaivl; NAmE sar‘v-/ noun 1
[u] the state of continuing to live or exist, often despite difficulty or
danger X#; # jg ; : the struggle/battle/fight
for survival X#- / i^,X / jf o His only chance
of survival was a heart
transplant. jt&frXI
o 0 Exporting is
necessary for our economic survival. MZRW 4} P , A
2 [C]
~
(from sth) something that has continued to exist from an earlier time HTTI relic :
The ceremony is a survival from pre-Christian times.
IES3 the sur vival of the fittest the principle that
only the people or things that are best adapted to their surroundings will
continue to exist
survival-ist /sa'vaivalist; NAmE sar'v-/ noun a person who prepares
for a dangerous or unpleasant situation such as a war by learning how to
survive outdoors, practising how to use weapons, storing food, etc. A X
AXStis ) ► sur
vival-ism /sa'vaivalizam; NAmE sar'v-/ noun [U]
sur1 viva I kit noun a set of emergency
equipment, including food, medical supplies and tools ^X^ ( ^
Wirt/,
survive Ow /sa'vaiv; NAmEsar'v-/ verb 1 [V] ~ (from sth) | ~ (on
sth) | ~ (as sth) to continue to live or exist X#; #tg; She was the last
surviving member of the
family. bfcfklkW.A — ft o o Of
the six people injured in the crash, only two survived. @&mX#i&^lftAA*,
RWMA?£7T