etc. so
that they can be pleasant and convenient places for people to live in; the
subject that studies this Mfg
mu wmm\¥
town-scape /'taunskeip/ noun 1 what you see when you look at a
town, for example from a distance MtUM
f:; H JP: M: an industrial townscape X ik ^ ifr JS: H. 2 (technical A iff) a picture of a town IS M
fi: 11 — compare landscape n.{2), seascape town-ship /'taunjip/ noun 1 (in South Africa in the past) a town or part of a town that black people
had to live in, and where only black people lived ( IB N" ^ A ) MAIttl, 2 (in the US or Canada) a
division of a county that is a unit of local government
)
towns people /'taunzpirpl/ (also townsfolk /'tauns-
fauk; NAmE -fouk/) noun [pi.] people who live in towns,
not in the countryside; the people who live in a particular town &S;
TUK; iSA; ( )
tow-path /'taupa:0; NAmE 'toupaeG/ noun a path along the bank of a river
or canal, that was used in the past by horses pulling
boats (called barges) jt, j& ( |B
tow rope (also tow-line) noun a rope that is used for pulling sth along, especially a vehicle 'tow truck noun {NAmE) = breakdown truck tox-ae-mia (6r£) (M\n?£ tox emia) /tDk'siimia; NAmE ta:k-/ noun [U] (medical IS) infection of the blood by harmful
bacteria HjHHe CK771 blood poisoning toxic /'tDksik; NAmE ‘ta:k-/ adj. containing poison; poisonous g H ;
31 4* # #J : toxic chemicals/
fumes/gases/substances / 'i®^/ HW /
jDf O to
dispose of toxic waste M g #
A $4 o Many pesticides are highly toxic. i^A^Miit-feliAo
tox-icity /tuk'sisati; NAmE ta:k-/ noun {pi. -ies) (technical A iff) 1 [U] the quality of being
poisonous; the extent to which sth is poisonous H j£; %fj: substances with high levels of
toxicity A2 [C] the effect that a poisonous substance has ; Hit A A: Minor
toxicides of this drug include nausea and vomiting.
toxi col ogy /,tDksi'kDlad3i; NAmE ,ta:k-/ noun [U] the scientific study of
poisons ► toxi-colo-
gical /,tDksik0'lt>d3ikl; NAmE ,ta:ksika'la:d3ikl/ adj. toxi- coio-gist /-d3ist/ noun
,toxic 'shock syndrome noun [u] a serious illness in women caused by harmful bacteria in the vagina, connected with the use of tampons n't!
toxin /'tnksin; NAmE 'ta:k-/ noun a poisonous substance, especially
one that is produced by bacteria in plants and animals UM ( i )
toxo plas mo sis /.tDksauplaez'mausis; NAmE ,ta:ksou- plaez'mousis/ noun [U] (medical IS) a disease that can be dangerous to a
baby while it is still in its mother’s body, caught from infected meat, soil,
or animal FAECES (
^fJ&JLA#, .±9!
bmvummm)
toy /toi/ noun,
adj., verb
m noun 1 an object for
children to play with fit M : cuddly/soft toys *jS % / A o The children were playing happily
with their toys. ^ (H IE A If fit H o 2 an object that you have for
enjoyment or pleasure rather than for a serious purpose fit^;
fplUL cm plaything : executive toys ffiEtAMW fit^Jl
o His latest toy is the electric drill he bought last week.
ftfcfftffr
a adj. [only
before noun] 1
made as a copy of a particular thing and used for playing with fitM;#)', fffitMctf): a toy car 0 toy soldiers fitMcXPi 2 (of
a dog $J)
of a
very small breed AAISA64; AffcM on#(ft: a toy poodle
i« verb jfflTTifl 'toy with sth 1 to consider
an idea or a plan, but not very seriously and not for a long time X aaa flirt WITH: I did briefly toy with the idea of living in
2
to play with sth and move it around carelessly or without thinking fitW;
#: He
kept toying nervously with his pen. jfo—-jUft#
0 She hardly ate a thing, just toyed
with a piece of cheese on her plate. M Jl f- A
n£ — A
is,
' toy boy noun (BrE, informal, humorous) a woman’s male lover who is much younger than she is (
ttlffcl
) /MfA, /MIA
toyi-toyi /‘toi toi/ noun [U] {SAfrE) a type of dance or march, used as a form
of protest, in which you repeatedly move one leg up and down followed by the
other £££#
l&H )
TPR
/,ti: pi: 'a:(r)/
abbr. total physical
response ( iff trace Ot* /treis/ verb, noun
m verb [VN]
1 ~ sb/sth (to sth) to find
or discover sb/sth by looking carefully for them/it g ft ; 3U; A Sfl;
Bm track down : We finally traced him to an address in
3
~
sth (back) (to sth) to
find the origin or cause of sth
%: She could trace her family tree back
to the 16th century. Mt&JEAS£AifilM 16 o
The
leak was eventually
traced to a broken
seal. § A S tb fitt ii ji;&x ®[ fUi!c
o 0 The
police traced the call
(= used
special electronic equipment to find out who made the telephone call) to her
ex-husband’s number.
4
to describe a process or the development of sth
( Her
book traces
the town’s history
from Saxon times to the present day.
5
~ sth (out) to draw a line or lines on a
surface ffl
( ^ ) : She traced
a line in the sand. X
6
to follow the shape or outline of sth
££{#.,, ^JlJuB ( l&M ) : He traced the route on the map. ftfeg
map,
drawing, etc. by drawing on transparent paper (= tracing paper) placed over it
si, ^®j^±) nu, mm
m noun 1 [C,
U] a mark, an object or a sign that shows that sb/sth existed or was present ;
itH; : It’s exciting to discover traces of earlier civilizations. A M \cX g^AA^fo o Police searched the area but
found no trace of the escaped prisoners.
ifiAAMMMlttffMMo o
Years of living in
American accent
A#0 o The
ship had vanished without (a) trace.
2 [C] ~ of sth a very small amount of sth jjj&fl; Ag:
The post-mortem revealed traces of poison in his stomach. A A JJft fife W + A M # %» o
She spoke without a trace of bitterness. A JL
X ^ ^ o 3 [C] (technical A
iff) a line or
pattern on paper or a screen that shows information that is found by a machine
it}®; The
trace
showed a
normal heart rhythm. fSifiS A0^7'^IE#o 4 [C,
usually pi.] one
of the two long pieces of leather that fasten a carriage or cart
to the horse that pulls it 10313 see kick v.
trace-able /‘treisabl/
adj. ~ (to sb/sth) if sth
is traceable, you can
find out where it came from, where it has gone, when it began or what its cause
was pf ii $U fKj;
Most telephone calls are
traceable.
'trace
element noun 1 a chemical substance that is found in
very small amounts 2 a chemical
substance that living things, especially plants, need only in very small amounts
to be able to grow well
tiM )
tracer /'treisa(r)/ noun 1 a bullet or shell (= a kind of bomb) that leaves a line of smoke or flame
behind it A A# 2 {technical A iff) a radioactive
substance that can be seen in the human body and is used to find out what is
happening inside the body A ^ If1); f^l fv A Is AM