±£ 3 the turf [sing.] the sport of horse racing ^

4 [U] sb’s ~ (informal, especially NAmE) the place where sb lives and/or works, especially when they think of it as their own (       ) it,    He feels more

confident on home turf.

« verb [VN] to cover an area of ground with turf M lilil'siTI ,turf sb out (of sth) | ,turf sb off (sth) (BrE, informal) to make sb leave a place, an organization, etc.

Sib, 9MiIib (        mm ) BHU THROW OUT: He

was turfed out of the party.       0 The boys

were turfed off the bus.

'turf accountant noun {BrE, formal) = bookmaker 'turf war noun a violent disagreement between two groups of people about who should control a particular area, activity, or business

Hi;     # X #•: a vicious turf war between rival gangs of

drug dealers mmX#

turgid /'t3:d3id; NAmE 't3:rd3id/ adj. (formal) 1 (of language, writing, etc. ig W> X M boring, compli­cated and difficult to understand  j^tti

2 swollen; containing more water than usual Jj+Ifc #J;      ; # A (ft: the turgid waters of the Thames

±mmm±'M7k

turista /tu'rista/ noun [U] [NAmE, informal) diarrhoea that is suffered by sb who is visiting a foreign country

turkey /'t3:ki; NAmE ‘t3:rki/ noun {pi. -eys) 1 [C] a large bird that is often kept for its meat, eaten especially at Christmas in Britain and at Thanksgiving in the US n± If ^; A)£j —picture o page R28 2 [U] meat from a turkey ‘X *4 $1 : roast turkey ‘X ^ $] 3 [C] {NAmE, informal) a failure X PBC : His latest movie is a real turkey. M       AJ&^o 4 [C] {NAmE,

informal) a stupid or useless person ^ S; W-13 — see also COLD TURKEY fTTfll See TALK V

'turkey shoot noun {informal, especially NAmE) a battle or contest in which one side is much stronger than the other and able to win very easily — #J (ft iK #- (

)

Turk ish /'t3:kij'; NAmE'teirkiS/ adj., noun

*                   adj. from or connected with Turkey

*                   noun [U] the language of Turkey

.Turkish ‘bath noun a type of bath in which you sit in a room full of hot steam, have a massage and then a cold shower or bath; a building where this treatment takes place    M'Hffi-, M'HB'M.

.Turkish 'coffee noun [U, C] very strong, usually very sweet, black coffee          Ain )

.Turkish de‘light noun [U, C] a sweet/candy made from a substance like jelly that is flavoured with fruit and covered with fine white sugar          fflftp

turmeric /'t3:marik; NAmE 't3:rm-/ noun [U] a yellow powder made from the root of an Asian plant, used in cooking as a spice, especially in curry # M ]§ $) ( ffc

turmoil /'t3:moil; NAmE 't3:rm-/ noun [U, sing.] a state of great anxiety and confusion s/j§L;    MM

confusion: emotional/mental/political turmoil *St SL ft If If; iW-hWlSL; in Xl 5L o His statement threw the court into turmoil. ftfcft      A

ItiHIL 0 Her mind was in (a) turmoil. tlllTI 0-w /t3in; NAmE t3:m/ verb, noun m verb

                MOVE ROUND ffzft 1 to move or make sth move around

a central point (  [V] The wheels of the

car began to turn.  0 I can’t

get the screw to turn.      0 [VN] He

turned the key in the lock. zjlj J|k JF 0 O She turned the wheel sharply to the left. #tk M. ife ft fT A

ft&„

                CHANGE POSITION/DIRECTION        Aft 2 [usually

+adv./prep.] to move your body or part of your body so as to face or start moving in a different direction ft It; fflft (         ) :       [V] We turned and headed for

home. ° o She turned to look at me.

o He turned back to his work. J&ft iitl#o 0 I turned away and looked out of the

window. fMfiMJ&AMirlif^k 0 [VN] He turned his back to the wall, life ft # W M H If „ o She turned her head away. IE X ffl 1“] M &L 0         see also turn over

3 [VN +adv./prep.] to move sth so that it is in a different position or facing a different direction f® ; If] if]; fC • • ■ i$M A: She turned the chair on its side to repair it. Mffift7f$!$tM5tt'flF3o o Turn the sweater inside out before you wash it. jff, IK ^ ff M ffi 88 M 3ft UIX 0 — see also turn over 4 to change the direction you are moving or travelling in; to make sth change the direction it is moving in (      ) t&^Aft;    [V] He

turned into a narrow street.      &^^ft$nfio 0

[VN] The man turned the comer and disappeared, gp M A$f M^ fa Wfk.W> 7 o o I turned the car into the car park. ,         5[V, usually

+adv./prep.] (of a road or river        to curve in a

particular direction foj;          : The road turns to the

left after the church.        £j§ft£$^0

*                   AIM/POINT gffi ; fg ft 6 to aim or point sth in a particular direction ff; ft • • ■ ff fn]; Af'ff: [VN] Police turned water cannon on the rioters.

T (^^#0 o He turned the gun on himself,    P /j-

®7IB0 0 She looked at him then turned her atten­tion back to me.

(tfj|f±o O [V] His thoughts turned to his dead wife.

*                   OF TIDE IN SEA 7 [V] to start to come in or go out ff

( s&M ) : The tide is turningwe’d better get back.

nr, m:ih*?[u*pe,

*                   LET SB/STH GO &)]- 8 to make or let sb/sth go into a

particular place or state ( {<£ )       , M ht: [VN] They

turned the horse into the field. #, {[]   3\ ft ^

Mo 0 [VN-ADJ] to turn the dogs loose

*                   FOLD jj| 7 9 [VN] to fold sth in a particular way jfr^B:

IS $f: She turned down the blankets and climbed into bed.         0 He turned up the collar of

his coat and hurried out into the rain.

Wffi^£7o

*                   CARTWHEEL/SOMERSAULT MMS8; M 10 [VN] [no passive]

to perform a movement by moving your body in a circle A (H ( ff        ) : to turn cartwheels/

somersaults \MMXii; MW4

*                   PAGE 'll if you turn a page of a book or magazine, you move it so that you can read the next page li, IS zft ( 45 K ) : [VN] He sat turning the pages idly.

3 S AMMiS t 0 [V] Turn to p.23.

23 jSr0

*                   GAME 12 [V, VN] ~ (sth) (around) if a game turns or sb turns it, it changes the way it is developing so that a different person or team starts to win ( {<£ )

*                   BECOME X fj£ l 3 linking verb to change into a particular

state or condition; to make sth do this ( ^        $ fiic, J$

X : [V-ADJ] The leaves were turning brown. (77^ 7 M

o The weather has turned cold. 0

He turned nasty when we refused to give him the money.

JH, {X’PM/Il/Jo o He decided to turn professional, ftfcAlH^lkAMo 0 [VN-ADJ] The heat turned the milk sour.  0 0 [V-N]

She turned a deathly shade of white when she heard the news, life Off |ij S 7          o He’s a lawyer

turned politician (= he used to be a lawyer but is now a politician).„ o note

at BECOME

*                   AGE/TIME ; H l>i] 14 linking verb [V-N] (not used in

the progressive tenses 7ffl7jStrW) to reach or pass a particular age or time Mil (   ) :

She turns 21 in June. Mf<J ATHfttfcfPt 21 7 0 o It’s

turned midnight. ELM 7

*                   STOMACH Pf 15 [V, VN] when your stomach turns or sth turns your stomach, you feel as though you will vomit

ftm-, mb; & {ff)ffm

*                    WOOD AM 16 [VN] to shape sth on a lathe (

± ) X- filj: to turn a chair leg X- ± X ^ 7 M o turned boxes and bowls 7#J

inn Most idioms containing turn are at the entries for the nouns and adjectives in the idioms, for example not turn a hair is at hair. Aturn >1 ill, fPhf

not turn a