pgrade

2220

up-grade /.Ap'greid/ verb [VN] [often passive] 1 to make a piece of machinery, computer system, etc. more powerful and efficient {£ [«. it# HI) ft 9k ; H fa ; c& j® 2 ~ sb (to sth) to give sb a more important job $g A; jg 0HU promote 3 ~ sb (to sth) to give sb a better seat on a plane, room in a hotel, etc. than the one that they have paid for jgrti (

) #i§; ft# 4 to improve the condi­tion of a building, etc. in order to provide a better service jgifU    to

upgrade the town’s leisure facilities # IS M fa ^ W — compare downgrade ► up-grade /'Apgreid/ noun up-heav-al /Ap'hiivl/ noun [C, U] a big change that causes a lot of confusion, worry and problems Htf $; $C ^ SL ; rf] % disruption : the latest

upheavals in the education system

I can’t face the upheaval of moving house again. IS JtfeM0 a period of emotional upheaval

up-hill /,Ap'hil/ adj., adv.

madj. 1 sloping upwards ±.$lfa: an uphill climb/slope fa ± fail/[g; ±$t 0 The last part of the race is all uphill.

ESS downhill 2 ~ battle, struggle, task, etc. an argument or a struggle that is difficult to win and takes a lot of effort over a long period of time jUjcM^^tfa, ^fafa ( $4, 4#\ fi

m)

m adv. towards the top of a hill or slope fa ill ±;

A fa: We cycled uphill for over an hour. 3§fri9t i frft JN? T — 't 0 4 H fa $ o 0 The path slopes steeply uphill. 'M5:t±Mfafa$f„ EES downhill up-hoid /Ap'hauld; NAmE -'hould/ verb (up-held, up-held /-'held/) [VN] 1 to support sth that you think is right and make sure that it continues to exist Xf#, ( JEX # ) : We have a duty to uphold the law.       1H-

fafal^Hf o 2 (especially of a court of law jtis Sc®) to agree that a previous decision was correct or that a request is reasonable          5|iA < IMfL  ) : to

uphold a conviction/an appeal/a complaint # J0.

; -ytM-tift /fail ► tip-hold-er noun: an upholder of traditional values      A

up hol ster /Ap'haulsta(r); NAmE -’houl-/ verb [VN] [usually passive] ~ sth (in sth) to cover a chair, etc. with soft material (= padding) and cloth fa (

()

up-hol-ster-er /Ap'haulstarafa); NAmE -'houl-/ noun a person whose job is to upholster furniture up-hof-stery /Ap'haulstari; NAmE -'houl-/ noun [u] 1 soft covering on furniture such as armchairs and sofas M. ffc np ( H ^ # ) 2 the process or trade of

UPHOLSTERING

UPI / ju: pi: *ai/ abbr. United Press International up-keep /'Apki:p/ noun [u] 1 ~ (of sth) the cost or process of keeping sth in good condition f£# ( fM ;

( ft )  H771 maintenance: Tenants are respon­

sible for the upkeep of rented property, AjSA

2 ~ (of sb/sth) the cost or process of giving a child or an animal the things that they need ( fM ; BfUr ( J$tA ) : He makes payments to his ex-wife for the upkeep of their children. ftfefafa#A#4 £'faft#£? o

up-land /'Apland/ noun [usually pi.] an area of high land that is not near the coast ( faffi )Ailfe; lilftfe ► up-land adj. [only before noun]: upland agriculture ihE^ik uplift noun, verb

m noun /'Aplift/ [U, sing.] 1 the fact of sth being raised or of sth increasing jfiU; fdftj; i#-|£;     an uplift in

sales ft fa ft: 0 an uplift bra (= that raises the breasts)    2 a feeling of hope and happiness

SHet;     The news gave them a much needed uplift.

3 (also up-thrust)

(geology Hk) the process or result of land being moved to a higher level by movements inside the earth ( ffe A

fa ) m&, ±ft

m verb /,Ap'lift/ [VN] (formal) to make sb feel happier or give sb more hope i£Jfj; MB;

up-lifted /.Ap'liftid/ adj. 1 [not before noun] feeling happy and full of hope A 4 4 ; M H ^ % 2 (literary) lifted upwards ® fa ; ^ fa ;  ^2 fa : a sea of

uplifted faces -iK4KM42faJ&

up lift ing /.Ap'liftiq/ adj. making you feel happier or giving you more hope ^AHUfa; WiU A'frfa; B A I? jilt fa: an uplifting experience/speech 4A # fa ££       /

rm

up light er /'Aplaite(r)/ (also up-light /’Aplait/) noun a lamp in a room that is designed to send light upwards ±|jAT — compare downlighter up-link /'Aplirjk/ noun (technical Ain) a communications link to a satellite ( Milff fa ) ±4rM, up-load verb, noun

m verb /.Ap'laud; NAmE -'loud/ [VN] (computing if) to move data to a larger computer system from a smaller one ±

$$; -tit r*TI3 DOWNLOAD

m noun /'Aplaud; NAmE -loud/ (computing if) data that has been moved to a larger computer system from a smaller one ±fc ( ^c_h# )'Wffcflg H33 download up mar ket /,Ap'ma:kit; NAmE -'ma:rk-/ (BrE) (NAmE up-scale) adj. [usually before noun] designed for or used by people who belong to a high social class or have a lot of money ;         an upmarket restaurant

M9k&FT    downmarket ► ,up'market (BrE) (NAmE

, up'scale) adv.: The company has been forced to move more upmarket. ^#fai4^#^0

Upon O^r /a'pDn; NAmEa'pain/ prep.

1 (formal, especially BrE) = on : The decision was based upon two considerations.  dldia

Although the word upon has the same meaning as on, it is usually used in more formal contexts or in phrases such as once upon a time and row upon row of seats. * upon ig on faX,        once upon

a time fP row upon row of seats ^laifTAo 2 ... upon . . used to emphasize that there is a large number or amount of sth ( 0 IR H A ) : mile upon mile

of dusty road i®M3Sfc3SiI45±n$®IKliI gfr 0 thousands upon thousands of letters fAftAftMinB IT»T?!1 (almost) u pon you if sth in the future is almost upon you, it is going to arrive or happen very soon          fa#A

l|S: The summer season was almost upon them again. fa ffeilH X If-iM A T o — more at once adv. upper 0-w /■ Apa(r)/ adj., noun

madj. [only before noun] 1 located above sth else, espe­cially sth of the same type or the other of a pair ±

.±#$ (                    X'tAW-A ) : the

upper lip ±$flF 0 the upper deck ¥ Wl 2 at or near the top of sth Jiifafa; il± p|5fa: the upper arm If 0 the upper slopes of the mountain          0 a

member of the upper middle class A ± M A- ^ A o salaries at the upper end of the pay scale xyktyi.WlM.Mtf} §r # 0 There is an upper limit of £20 000 spent on any one project. & fa m B ^- A 2 ft £        ^ ft ±n „

3 (of a place ifeA) located away from the coast, on high ground or towards the north of an area fa P® fr-J; r^j ife fa; fa4t p[5fa: the upper reaches of the river MM.fa±$f GEH lower gain, get, have, etc. the .upper

hand to get an advantage over sb so that you are in control of a particular situation fa ± jxl;     ft ft $>]

fv;      — more at stiff adj.

* noun [usually pi.] 1 the top part of a shoe that is attached to the sole H ; ft ffi : shoes with leather uppers j[£ H — picture c> shoe 2 (informal) a drug that makes you feel excited and full of energy A If -fr]

—                 compare downer(I) EEEJ on your 'uppers (BrE,

informal) having very little money   ® M

.upper 'case noun [U] capital letters (= the large form of letters, for example A, B, C rather than a, b, c) ft ^ Headings should be in upper case.

—                 compare lower case ► .upper 'case adj.: upper-case letters A^^#

.upper 'chamber noun = upper house .upper 'circle noun [sing:] (especially BrE) the second level of seats above the floor in a theatre ( M'J K fa ) _h

J

the .upper 'class noun [sing.] (also the .upper 'classes

[pi.]) the groups of people that are considered to have