sevemi hours a week.每周做几个小时剧烈运动。
2 strong and healthy 强壮的；强健的：a vigorous young man 身强力壮的年轻人◊ This plant is a vigorous grower.这种植物生长茂盛茁壮。►vigorously fldv. vig-our (Brf) {NAmE vigor) /'viga(r)/ noun [U] energy, force or
enthusiasm 精力；力量；活力；热情 PTITI vitality ： He worked with renewed vigour and deter- mfmztion.他以新的活力和决心工作着。
Vi-king
/'vaikii]/ noun a member of a race of Scandinavian people who attacked and sometimes
settled in parts of NW Europe, including Britain, in the 8th to the llth
centuries维金人，北欧海盗（斯堪的纳'维亚部落成
员，8-11世纪时劫掠英国等西北欧部分地区，有时在当地
♦定居)
vi!e /vail/ adj. (viler, vil-est) 1 {informal) extremely
unpleasant or bad糟糕透荫‘；可恶的；®坏的HTTI disgusting： a vi7e smeH 令入恶心的气味◊ rhe weather
was reaHy vi〖e most 〇/the time. _夫气大萍分时间都糟糕得
很。◊ He was in a mood•他的心情环极了a 6 note
at terrible 2 {formal) morally bad;
completely unacceptable邪恶的；令人完全不能i受的SB] wicked： the practice 〇/ ta/dng hostages 扣押A质的 卑劣行径► vile.ly /’vailli/ MV. vile.nes会 not//? [U]. vil ify /'vilifai/ verb (vili fies, vili fy
ing, vili fied, vili fied) [VN] ~ sb/sth (as st“）| 〜sb/sth (for stWfor doing sthj (formal) to say or write
unpleasant things about sb/sth so that other people will have a low opinion of
them 污蔑；.徘.谤；•&毁;.中伤033]^1^1^11£¥11^>^丨印-
ca-tion
/.vilrfi'keijn/
noun [U] ： the vilification of single parents by right-win^ poZitidcms 右翼政i对单亲的诋毁 villa /'Vila/ now/? 1 (6r£)
a house where people stay on holiday/vacation 度假别壁：We rented a
hoWday.viHa in Spain.我们在西班牙租了一座假曰别墅。2 a house in the country
with a large garden, especially in southern
[C] a very small
town located in a country area 村庄； 村镇：We visited towns and
villages all over
了西班牙的城镇和村庄。◊ a /?shfng/moimtafn/ seaside village 渔 / 山 f '备海村-◊ (especial丨)/ BrQ the village shop 0
Her books are about village life.
她的书是关于乡村生活的。E0S3 Do not use village to talk
about small towns in the US. In NAmE village is used
for a small place in another country that seems more old-fashioned than a town
in the
_全村的人邀参加聚会。
,village 'idiot noun a person in a village who is thought to be stupid; a stupid person 村里的白痴；蠢入
viMa-ger
/'vilid30(r)/ noun a person who lives in a village村民；乡村居民；乡下人
vil-lain
/'vdan/ noun 1 the main bad character in a story, play, etc.(.小说、戏剧等中的）舆姜反面人物，反 派主角，林人：/fe q/ten
pZays the part 〇/ the vi’Hafn•他 经常扮演反面人物。2 a
person who is morally bad or responsible for causing trouble or harm 恶棍广环奎：
the heroes and viHains 〇/the 如出 century 世纪的英
雄豪杰‘罪魁祸首◊ /ndustriaWzeci nations are the red environmental
villains.工jk化国家是破坏环境的真正元 凶。3 (8rf，/n/ormfl/) a criminal 罪犯 the
villain of the piece (especially humorous) the person or thing that is responsible for all the trouble in a
situation 元 .凶；祸首；症结
vil*lain-ous /'vilanas/ adj. [usually
before noun] (formal) very evil; very unpleasant 邪恶的;.可憎的
vil-lainy
/'vilani/ noun [U] (formal) immoral or cruel behaviour邪恶行为；罪恶
vil-lein
/'vilem/ noun (in the
Middle Ages) a poor man who had to work for a richer man in return for a small
piece of land to grow food on (中世纪的）农奴，隶农
vil.lus
/’vilas/ /ww/7 (p/. villi /Vilai; -li:/) (fc/o/ogy'生）any one of the many small thin parts shaped like fingers that stick out
from some surfaces on the inside of the body (for example in the intestine). Villi increase the area of these surfaces
so that substances can be absorbed by the body more easily•线毛'(在小肠内壁
等、.’
vim /vim/
nowrj [U] (oW-/flS〜.o/?ec/, energy.精
i活力；力量
vin-ai-grette /.vmi'gret/ noun [U] a mixture of oil, vinegar and various herbs, etc., used to add flavour to a salad色拉调味汁:(用油、醋和各种香草等混合而成） EQGDI French dressing
vin-da-loo /.vinda'lu:/ noun [U, C] {pi. -oos) a very spicy Indian dish, usually
containing meat or Pish 辛辣祝
肉，辛辣咖喔鱼（命度菜肴）：Zamb
vinddoo辛命咖喱 •羊肉.
vin-di-cate /'vindikeit/ verb [VN] {formaf) 1 to prove
that sth is true or that you were right to do sth, especially when other people
had a different opinion 证实；证_ 有理 EEd justify : / have every confidence that this
ciecisfon wiH bevindicated 我完全相信这一决定的iE 确性将得到充分证明。2 to prove that sb is not guilty
when they have been accused of doing sth wrong or illegal澄清（责难或嫌疑,）；两明（某人)无罪（责）： New evidence emerged, vindicating him completely. ff iSE 据出现了，证明他完全是无辜的。►viivdka-tion /.vindi'keijn/ noun [U, sing.] ： Anti-nuclear protesters regarded the
Chernobyl accident as a clear vindication of t/iefrcampaign.反核示威者认为，切尔诺贝利核电站核
<漏事_故，楚地表明他们的■反核运动是正确的。
vin-dictive
/vin'diktrv/ adj. trying to harm or upset sb, or showing that you want to, because you
think that they have harmed you想复仇的;拫S；性的；怀恨的
BOG] spiteful : He accused her of being vindictive,
责她存心报复。Wndfctfve comment报复性的言论
►
vin-dic
tive ly adv. vin-dic-tive-ness noun til] vine /vain/ noun 1 a
climbing plant that produces grapes 葡萄藤：grapes on the
vine 藤上的葡萄◊
vine ieaves 葡萄 Di* _ see also grapevine 2 any climbing plant with long thin stems; one of these stems 藤本植 _物；攀缘植物；藤；藤蔓
vin-egar /'vimg0(r)/ noun [u] a liquid with a bitter taste made jfrom malt (= a type of grain) or wine, used to add
flavour to food or to preserve it 醋：malt/wine vinegar 〇 onions
pickled in vinegar
泡制的洋葱一see also balsamic vinegar vin-egary /'vinigari/ adj. having a taste
or smell that is typical of vinegar gi的；酸的；有醋味的：a
vinega/y wine酸葡萄酒
vine-yard
/'vinjad;
NAmE -jard/ noun a piece of land where grapes are grown in order to produce
wine; a business that produces wine from the grape
it grows in a vineyard (为酿酒而种植的）葡萄园；（以葡萄园自种
葡^进行生产的）酿酒厂
vini-cul-ture /'vimkAltJ'aW/ noun [U] {technical ^-i#) the activity of growing grapes for wine 葡萄栽培（为酿酒
.之用J
vino /'viinau; NAmE -nou/ noun [U] (informal,
humorous) wine葡萄酒；果酒
vin-tage /'Vintid3/ noun, adj.
m noun 1 the wine
that was produced in a particular year or place; the year in which it was
produced 特定年份
(或地方）酿制的酒；酿造年份：the 2999
vintage * 1999 部酿制的葡萄酒◊ 2003 was a particuZarZy _/ine vintage. * 2003 $是好的酿酒年份。2 [usually sing.] the period or season of
gathering grapes for making wine采摘葡萄酿酒的期间（或季节）；葡萄收获期（或
'季节）：77ie vintage w〇5 kiter than usuaL 这次葡萄的
收获季节it往常晚。
■ adj. [only before noun] 1 vintage wine is
of very good quality and has been stored for several years (指葡萄 酒> 优质的，上等的，佳酿的2 (Srf) (of a vehicle车辆） made between 1917 and 1930 and
admired for its style and interest古色古香的（指1917-1930年间制造，车型