2244
several hours a week. M j§l |# A 'A 4> N" £1 is 5ft 0 2 strong and healthy ® )(± : a vigorous
young man J^iJSAtt&^^Ao This plant is a vigorous grower. ►
vig or ous ly adv.
vigour (BrE) (NAmE vigor) /'viga(r)/
noun [U] energy, force or enthusiasm If A ; Ait; iS A; SCI
vitality : He worked with renewed vigour and determination.
Vi king /'vaikir)/
noun a member of a race of Scandinavian people who attacked and sometimes
settled in parts of NW Europe, including Britain, in the 8th to the llth
centuries *£^A,
a, 8-n AM&mi
%% )
viie /vail/ adj. (viler,
vilest) 1 (informal)
extremely unpleasant or bad Ifit^; 'BJSfft; ®iElW HT71 disgusting: a vile smell 0 The weather
was really vile most of the time.
II0 o He was in a vile mood, life If a O note at terrible 2 (formal) morally bad; completely unacceptable 033
wicked: the vile practice of taking
hostages fttfflXffitfi M-AfrlS ► vilely /'vailli/ adv. vileness noun [U] vilify /'vilifai/ verb (vili-fies,
vili fy ing, vili fied, vili fied) [VN] ~ sb/sth (as sth) | ~ sb/sth (for
sth/for doing sth) (formal) to say
or write unpleasant things about sb/sth so that other people will have a low
opinion of them '/5H;
iftiit; Alft HD! malign, revile ► vili-fi-
ca-tion /.vilrfi'keijn/ noun [U]: the vilification of single parents
by right-wing politicians villa /'
a town ( A : a Victorian villa in North
^3/Htft)
a country house or farm with land attached
to it (m^±-m) m., jm
vil lage 0-w /'Vilid3/ noun 1 [C] a very small town located in a country area Al£; A®: We visited towns and villages all
over
seaside village f&liU/'iMf^H 0 (especially
BrE) the village shop % ft j§[ 0 Her books are about village life.
ftX?£&X ISHSJ Do not
use village to talk about small towns in the
2 the village [sing.]
{especially
BrE) the people who live in a village ^ ft EA;
A K : The whole village was invited to the party.
village 'idiot noun a person
in a village who is thought to be stupid; a stupid person ftJ!$J ; H A villager /'vilid3a(r)/ noun a person who lives in a village ft&; ^TA
villain /'vilan/ noun 1 the main bad character in a story, play, etc. (/M&, S.
, if A: He often plays the part of the
villain, lit, 2 a person who is morally bad or responsible for causing trouble or harm
li; fEU: the heroes and villains of the 20th
century * 20 ttf
0 Industrialized nations are the real environmental villains. X ik Ik HI Ji it W K IE A
[XL 3 {BrE, informal) a criminal Ip^E n»171 the
'villain of the piece (especially humorous) the person or thing that is responsible for all the trouble in a
situation jc
ai; m-,
vil lain ous /'vilanas/ adj. [usually before noun] {formal) very evil; very unpleasant fPIK ; ftm 19 villainy /'vilani/ noun [U] (formal) immoral or cruel behaviour A;
villein
/'vilein/
noun (in the Middle Ages)
a poor man who had to work for a richer man in return for a small piece of land
to grow food on ( Al££fi&9 ) A®, MX villus /'vilas/ noun {pi. villi /'vilai; -li:/) {biology X) any one of the
many small thin parts shaped like fingers that stick out from some surfaces on
the inside of the body (for example in the intestine).
Villi increase the area of these surfaces so that substances can be absorbed by
the body more easily. ( /E X M A it ^ )
vim /vim/ noun [U] (old-fashioned, informal) energy If
A; tSA; AM
vinaigrette /.vmi'gret/ noun [U] a mixture of oil,
vinegar and various herbs, etc., used to add flavour to a
salad )
FK7T1 French dressing
vindaloo /.vinda'lu:/ noun [U, C] {pi. -00s) a very spicy Indian
dish, usually containing meat or fish X ffl ® 111 A, ^ ) : lamb vindaloo
vin
di cate /'vindikeit/ verb [VN] (formal) 1 to prove that sth is
true or that you were right to do sth, especially when other people had a
different opinion X M PTiTl justify : I have every confidence that this decision
will be fully vindicated.
fill
lift I# 3\ BE o 2 to prove that sb is
not guilty
when they have been
accused of doing sth wrong or illegal min ( MMMMm ) ; %W ( MA.) Af ( M
) : New
evidence emerged, vindicating him completely. §ji£ MfESHT, ► vindication
/.vindi'keijn/ noun [U, sing.] : Anti-nuclear
protesters regarded the
mmwm
vin-dic-tive /vin'diktiv/ adj. trying to harm or upset sb,
or showing that you want to, because you think that they have harmed you ; ftSI4&J;
HT1 spiteful: He accused her of being
vindictive, f&t! JA M ff
X' H M o 0 a vindictive comment It
M ^ W fE ► vin dic tive
ly adv. vin
dic-tive ness noun [U] vine /vain/ noun 1 a climbing plant that
produces grapes U ^
J§: grapes on the vine $§
± ® ^ <> vine
leaves 1] ^ Df — see also grapevine 2 any climbing plant with
long thin stems; one of these stems M A®
m mmm-, m; mm
vin-egar /'vmiga(r)/ noun [u] a liquid with a
bitter taste made from malt (= a
type of grain) or wine, used to add flavour to food or to preserve it gt: malt/wine vinegar 0 onions pickled in vinegar $] !§
— see also balsamic
vinegar vin-egary /'vimgari/ adj. having a taste or
smell that is typical of vinegar & (ft ; a vinegary
wine
vine-yard
/'vinjad;
NAmE -jard/ noun a piece of land where
grapes are grown in order to
produce wine; a business that produces wine from the grape it grows in a vineyard (
) mmr
vini culture /'vimkAltJa(r)/ noun [U] (technical Ai«) the activity of
growing grapes for wine f] $5 ip ( AII'M
zm
vino /’viinau; NAmE -nou/ noun [U] (informal, humorous) wineH^M; MM vintage /‘vintid3/ noun, adj.
■
noun 1 the wine that was
produced in a particular year or place; the year in which it was produced #aEMI# ( ^ m A ) m m ^ m ; SI it ¥ iff : the 1999 vintage
* 1999 M SI f'J (ft 16 M 0 2003 was a particularly fine
vintage. * 2003 2 [usually sing.]
the period or season of
gathering grapes for making wine
^ ^ ) : The vintage was later than usual.
■
adj. [only before noun] 1 vintage wine is of
very good
quality and has been stored
for several years ( fg IS m ) imw, mm 2 (BrE) (of a vehicle $ffi)
made between 1917 and 1930
and admired for its style and interest (
ft 1917-1930 ^|0]®ig,