和品味受人青睐的）一compare veteran car 3 typical of a period in the past and of high quality; the best work of
the particular person (过去食个■期）典型 的，优质的；（某人的）最佳作品的：acoiiectiono/ Wntage designs 优秀设计选编◊
vintage TV drama 最_ 电视剧◊ The opera is vintage Rossmf.这部歌剧是罗西 尼的最佳代表作。4 ~ year a
particularly good and successful year 成—卓著的一年；▲；功的—•年：2003 was not a vintage year/or the
movies. * 2003、年对电影业来说
不是全盛之年。
vint-ner /'vmtne(r)/ noun (old-fashioned,
formal) a person whose
business is buying and selling wines or a person who grows grapes and makes wine 葡萄酒商；葡萄酒
酿制者
vinyl
/'vainl/ noun [\J] 1 a strong plastic that can bend easily, used for making wall, floor and
furniture coverings, book covers, and, especially in the past, records乙烯基；乙嫌基塑料；（尤指旧时 >‘压制唱片的
塑料 2 records made of vinyl, in contrast to CDs 乙.嫌基 唱片；黑胶唱片：JVfy dad
had to buy CDs 〇/ aiZ the aZbums he already ownecTon vinyL.我爸爸就是奏买他n 有的所有黑胶唱片的CD版。
viol /'vaial/ noun an early type of musical instrument with strings, shaped like a violin 维奧尔琴（一种早期
的拉弦乐器）.
viola /vi'aula; NAmE -'〇〇-/ noun a musical instrument with strings, that you hold under your chin and
play with a bow. A viola is larger than a violin and plays lower notes.中提琴：a vioZa p㈣er 中提琴羊..7 picture 〇 page R8
violate /'vaialeit/ verb [VN] 1 {formal) to go against or
refuse to obey a law, an agreement, etc,违反，违 违脅'(法律、协议等）H771 flout： to
violate inter- nationaHaw 反国际法 2 (/brmfl/) to disturb or not respect sb，s peace, privacy, etc•侵治（隐私等使人
不魯安宁；M扰：She accused the press
photographers 〇/ vi‘oZati‘ng her
privacy•她指责新闻备影记者侵犯了她的_、 私。3 to damage or destroy a
holy or special place 褒
&，：污损（神圣之地）PHTI desecrate： to violate a
grave 坟墓 4 yitemry or old-fashionec^) to farce sb to
have
sex 强奸；奸污 H771 rape ► vio-la>tion /.vara'leifn/ noun [U, C] ： They were in open violation of the treaty.
_ 们公 &违反条约。◊ gross vioZarions 〇/ human rights 对 人权的粗暴践踏vio*la*tor nown VlO-lence /'vaialans/ noun[\J]
1
〜（against sb).violent ijehaviour that is intended.to hurt, or kill sb 暴■力；暴行：crimes/acts/threats of WoZence 暴力犯行★ / 威胁◊ ffe condemned the
protesters’use 〇/violence agaf/ist the poiice.他谴责抗议
者对警察使用i力。◊
domestic vfoZence (= between family members)家庭暴力◊ Why do they ahvays have to resort to violence?为什么他们总是非要诉诸暴力不可
，呢？ ◊ Violence brofce out/erupted inside the prison Z〇5t night.昨晚监狱里发生了暴力事件。◊
Js there too much sex: and Woience on 7V?电视上有太多的色情和暴力吗？
2
physical or emotional force and energy 运热;■激情； 激烈的力量：The violence
〇/ her /edings su/7?rised /u'm. ^感情之强烈使他吃惊。
VlO-lent /'vaialant/
adj.
1
involving or caused by physical force that is intended to hurt or kill sb暴力的；强暴的：vfo〖ent crime暴力犯 罪◊ Students were irzvoZved in violent .c(〇5h從 vWth the poZice.学生和警察发生了暴力冲突。◊
Jfe met with a violent death (= he was murdered, killed in a fight, etc.)他遭暴力致死。◊ ffer husband was a WoZent man. 她i夫是个的人。◊
The crowd suddenly turned violent.人群中突然有人开始大打出手。◊
CMdren should not be allowed to watch violent movies (= that show a lot of violence).不应允许儿童看暴力电影。
showing or caused by very strong emotion 感情强烈 的；激情的；由激情引起的：There was a Woient reac- tion the
puWic.公众的反应强烈。3 very strong and sudden猛烈的；剧烈的；强烈的SEJintense， severe: Jtoofc a vioZentdishTce to.him.我很讨厌他。◊ a vi’oZent explosion 剧烈的爆炸◊ a WoZent change 急剧的 变化◊
a vi'o/ent headache 剧烈的头痛 4 (of
a colour 颜色）
extremely bright 强烈的；_ 备 $ 目_ 的』：ffer dress was a
violentpinfc.她的连衣裙是非常鲜艳的粉红色
2245 virginity
vio-lent-ly /Varalantli/ adv.
3
with great energy or
strong movement, especially caused by a strong emotion such as fear or hatred 强烈 地；激烈地：She shoofc her head
vfoknt/y.她拼命摇头。
◊ to shiVer vi’oZentiy 剧烈地颤抖 2 very strongly or severely 猛烈地；’厉害地：• He was
vfotenrfysicfc.他病得
很厉害。◊ They are vio〖ent〖y opposed to the idea 他们 强烈反对这个想法。3 in a way that
involves physical violencei 凶猛地；__ 凶狠地；强烈地：77ie crowd reacted vioZen办.人群反应强烈。
vio-let
/'vaialat/
noun 1 [C] a small wild or
garden plant with purple or white flowers with a sweet smell that appear in
spring 紫罗兰 2 [U] a bluish-purple colour 蓝紫色；紫罗兰色：dressed hvio〖et身着蓝紫色衣服
的► vio.丨et ac// : vfoZet eyes 蓝紫色的眼睛 iTiTm
see
SHRINK V.
Vio-lin
/.vaia'Iin/
noun a musical
instrument with strings, that you hold under your chin and play with a bow小提琴：Brahma’ vfoZin concerto勃拉姆斯如小提琴
:协奏曲一 picture page R8 — compare viola — see also fiddle/i. (1)
vio-lin-ist /.vaia'limst/ noun a person who plays
a violin
.小焉琴手；>j、提琴演奏者
vio-list noun 1 /vi'aulist; NAmE -'oul-/ a person who
plays a viola中提琴手；中提琴演奏者-2广vawlist/ a person who
plays a viol维||尔_手;.维尔琴演奏者
vio-lon-cello
/.vaialan'tjelau;
NAm.^ -lou/ noun {pi. -os) {formaf) = cello
VIP
/,vi: ai 'pi:/ noun a famous or
important person who is treated in a special way (abbreviation for Very
Important Person’)要人，贵宾.（全写为 Very Important Person ) H771 celebrity,
dignitary： the VIP lounge
贵宾厅〇 to get the VTJP treatment得到贵宾待遇 viper /'vaip0(r)/ noun 1 a small poisonous
snake (「一# 小毒 ) 2 (formal) a person who harms other people毒如蛇蝎的人；险恶的人
virago /vi'raigau; NAmE -gou/ noun {pi. -os) {literary, disapproving) a woman who is
aggressive and tries to tell people what to do爱支使人的女性；泼妇;悍妇
viral /’vairal/ like or
caused by a virus 病毒的；病毒
性的；病毒引遙的：a viraZin/ection病# 感染◊ a viral email (= that is sent on
from one person to others, who then send it on again)传播病毒由[^牛
viral
marketing noun [U] a way of
advertising in which information about a company's products or services is sent
by email to people who then send it on by email.to other people they l^now 病毒式营销（通过
f联网用户之间的电邮进行广告宣传> virgin /'V3：d3in; /V/4mf'V3：rd3-/ noun, adj.
2
now/? 1 [C] a person who
has never had sex 处女；童男
4
the (Blessed) Virgin [sing.] the Virgin
Mary, mother of Jesus Christ 童贞马利亚.（耶_之母 3 [C] a person who_has no experience of a particular
activity 无•”经验 的人；新手：a poh'rtoiZ virgin无政治经验的人◊ an Internet virgin ^ -
3
adj. 1 [usually before
noun] in its original pure or natural condition and not changed, touched or
spoiled 未开发
的；原始状态的；天然的；未改变的；未触动的：virgi/i
/oresi/Zantt/territory原始森林；处女地；未开发地区
0 virgin snow (= fresh and not marked) 2 [only before
noun] with.no sexual experience 的；也洁 的；童贞:妁：a.:.virgin.的新墙◊:the virgin birth (= the belief that
Mary was a virgin before and after giving birth to Jesus).圣#马利亚童贞生+子
vir-gin-al /'V3：d3inl; NAmE '\3：rdz-l adj. of or like a virgin; pure and innocent处女（般）的；童贞的；贞洁
的；纯真的：She was dressed in
virginal w/iite.她穿了
一身洁白无瑕的衣服。
锦，弗吉尼亚爬山虎（常蔓生于墙上，，叶大，秋季变成
红色>
vir-gin*ity /va'dsmati; NAmE var'd3-/ noun [U] the state of
being a virgin处4状态；童贞；原始状态：He tost