vivacious /vi'veijas; NAmE also vai'v-/ adj. {approving) (especially of a woman X fa A A) having a lively, attractive personality nj H ($; M 6A zjfj A 6A He had three pretty, vivacious daughters. A HAM WL 'M A

JLb ► vivaciously adv. viv acity /vi'vaesati; NAmE also vai'v-/ noun [U]: He was charmed by her beauty and vivacity.

vivar ium /vai'veariam; vi'v-; NAmE -'ver-/ noun {pi. vivar-ia /vai'vearia; vi'v-; NAmE -’ver-/) a container for keeping live animals in, especially for scientific study

A&fc (tfMiif)

viva voce /.vaiva 'v0ut.fi; NAmE 'voutj'i/ {BrE also viva /'vaiva/) noun (from Latin) a spoken exam, especially in a British university ( AJb3£|IIA^$] ) Pii vive la difference /,vi:v la: .drfb'nms; NAmE -'rains/ exclamation (from French, humorous) used to show that you think it is good that there is a difference between two people or things, especially a difference between men and women ( ft]

vivid /'vivid/ adj. 1 (of memories, a description, etc. fe tZ., j&j&#) producing very clear pictures in your mind t# Wfr ; A vb ; ii M W BOH graphic _: vivid memories MWf&ABtZ 0 He gave a vivid account of his life as a fighter pilot. MfM69A

M₀ 2 (of light, colours, etc. ft, M&^f) very bright || WM; «RA INfeltt; M&A vivid blue eyes MW.® 0| o note at bright 3 (of sb’s imagination AfKliiUi.) able to form pictures of ideas, situations, etc. easily in the mind AH’ ► vividly adv._: I vividly remember the day we first met.

viv-idness noun [U]: the vividness of my dream

viv ip arous /vi'viparas/ adj. {biology A) (of an animal tjj $i) producing live babies from its body rather than eggs JJ[jA$I — compare oviparous, ovoviviparous vivisection /.vivi'sekjn/ noun [u] the practice of doing experiments on live animals for medical or scientific research vivo O IN VIVO

vixen /’viksn/ noun 1 a female fox (= a wild animal of the dog family) 2 {old-fashioned) an unpleasant and bad-tempered woman

Viyella™ /vai'ela/ noun [0] a type of soft cloth made from a mixture of cotton and wool viz. /viz/ adv. {formal, especially BrE) used to introduce a list of things that explain sth more clearly or are given as examples BP ; lie H: H77I namely : four major colleges of surgery, viz. London, Glasgow, Edinburgh and

Dublin r, bpaisl mm

vizier /vi'zia(r); NAmE vi'zir/ (also wazir) noun an important official in some Muslim countries in the past

mfr ()

VJ /'vi: d3ei/ noun = video jockey 'V-neck noun an opening for the neck in a piece of clothing shaped like the letter V; a piece of clothing with a V-neck * V V mmB

31: a V-neck sweater 0 a navy V-neck — #

V — picture o page R22 ► 'V-necked

adj.: a V-necked sweater

VOA /.vi: au 'ei; NAmE ou/ abbr. Voice of America vo cabu lary 0-»r /va'kaebjalari; NAmE -leri/ noun [C, U] {pi. -ies)

1 all the words that a person knows or uses ( ^ A^H A Rk ) is] '/H , M A M : to have a wide/limited vocabulary ill A M A / ^ 0 your active vocabulary

{= the words that you use) A 3tjisj A O your passive

vocabulary {= the words that you understand but don’t use) (ft ® iJh if] A 0 Reading will increase your vocabulary. |$i^^fitkB#WiBlAih o The word failure’ is not in his vocabulary (= for him, failure does not exist). “Alft” iiMislo —see also

defining vocabulary o note at language 2 all the words in a particular language ( W ) iUA, iaj

A M _; When did the word ‘bungalow’ first enter the vocabulary? * bungalow — iUMN'TftA ( Ktilf ) is] A A ? o note at language 3 the words that people use

when they are talking about a particular subject ( M AMiit A (ft ) is] A: The word has become part of advertising vocabulary. & A #- is] B £5 Tio n #] iff ₀ o note at language 4 (also informal vocab /’vaukaeb/) a list of words with their meanings, especially in a book for learning a foreign language ( X A A #f

%mx&))

vocal /‘vaukl; NAmE 'voukl/ adj., noun a adj. 1 [only before noun] connected with the voice $H=f [ft; (ft: vocal music m'X o the vocal organs (= the tongue, lips, etc.) A At!'S’ o note at spoken 2 telling people your opinions or protesting about sth loudly and with confidence A ^ Eft; i W A If? (ft: He has been very vocal in his criticism of the government’s policy.

O The protesters

are a small but vocal minority. f/C A

aWo

noun [usually pi.] the part of a piece of music that is sung, rather than played on a musical instrument { A ft A (ft ) ffclnPA, AAoPA:. backing vocals #*| 0 In this recording Armstrong himself is on vocals.

vocal 'cords noun [pi.] the thin strips of tissue in the throat that are moved by the flow of air to produce the voice

vocalic /vou'kaelik; NAmE vou-/ adj. {phonetics iff i=r) relating to or consisting of a vowel or vowels ;

A — compare consonantal vo-cal-ist /'vaokalist; NAmE 'vou-/ noun a singer, especially in a pop or jazz band ( X^Mfs ±5JsPA a lead/guest/backing vocalist / — compare instrumentalist vocal ization {BrE also -isa-tion) /.vaukalai'zeijn; NAmE .voukala'zeijn/ noun (formal) 1 [C] a word or sound that is produced by the voice i# it} M; ffeP: the vocalizations of animals A tB &tl A"s 2 [U] the process of producing a word or sound with the voicet&M; AA;-lift; A^W vo-cal-ize {BrE also -ise) /'vaukalaiz; NAmE 'vou-/ verb (formal) 1 [VN] to use words to express sth A spin A & EYiTf articulate, express : Showing children pictures sometimes helps them to vocalize their ideas, itJLit#15 ® 2 to say or sing

sounds or words ift ( ) ; Bi ( ffc ) ; u?; AA: M

Your baby will begin to vocalize long before she can talk.

aat₀ [also vn]

vo-cal-ly /'vaukali; NAmE 'vou-/ adv. 1 in a way that uses the voice ; P AA: to communicate vocally P A

Xffii 2 by speaking in a loud and confident way A A Ik; AfA-f illfe: They protested vocally, ftkf] A vo ca tion /vau'keijn; NAmE vou-/ noun 1 [C] a type of work or way of life that you believe is especially suitable for you ( tAA^JiSA&Bitt ) Ift, IRik, &M A calling : Nursing is not just a job—it’s a

vocation. 0

She believes that she has found her true vocation in life.

£ BAcI'J TEJEiiA g B WkM 0 You

missed your vocation—you should have been an actor. QtifrMftTr 2 [C, U] ~ (for sth) a belief

that a particular type of work or way of life is especially suitable for you ( A A AM AA#£'J

if 'o i B fill ) fs : He has a vocation for

teaching, [ik jllk A M ^^4 o 0 She is a doctor with a strong sense of vocation, jfcj! — jk 'M, ^ B W g

Ao 3 [C, U] a belief that you have been chosen by God to be a priest or nun iS; #S : a vocation to the priesthood

vo ca tion al /vau'keijanl; NAmE vou-/ adj. connected with the skills, knowledge, etc. that you need to have in order to do a particular job |Rik $J; IRik A ;

■ A # iR W : vocational education/qualifications/ training IRikifcW / / ig-ill|

vo'cational school noun [c, u] (in the US) a school that teaches skills that are necessary for particular jobs

( mm ) SRik^m