wholegrain 2298 |

whole-grain /'houlgrein; NAmE 'houl-/ adj. made with or containing whole grains, for example of wheat A A

whole heart ed /.haul'hcctid; NAmE .houl'hairtad/ adj. (1approving) complete and enthusiastic ^'fr^Ulft; AM (ft: The plan was given wholehearted support. & t#Pl .f (ft ► whole-heart-ed-ly adv.: to

agree wholeheartedly

whole-meal /‘haulmiil; NAmE 'houl-/ (BrE) (also wholewheat NAmE, BrE) adj. wholemeal/wholewheat bread or flour contains the whole grains of wheat, etc. including the husk dkMW)

'whole note noun (NAmE, music #) = semibreve .whole 'number noun (mathematics fSc) a number that consists of one or more units, with no fractions (= parts of a number less than one) ink whole-sale /'haulseil; NAmE 'houl-/ adj. [only before noun] 1 connected with goods that are bought and sold in large quantities, especially so they can be sold again to make a profit jtt A (ft; 31 f? (ft: wholesale prices

— compare retail¹ n. 2 (especially of sth bad A tn l^ffilft^llO happening or done to a very large number of people or things AM^ (ft: the wholesale slaughter of innocent people ^3c$ASW/cII: ► whole-sale adv.: We buy the building materials wholesale, fkCl #fclt 0 These young people die wholesale from heroin overdoses.

whole sal ing /'houlseilir); NAmE 'houl-/ noun [U] the business of buying and selling goods in large quantities, especially so they can be sold again to make a profit ftt A ik — compare retailing ► whole-saler noun_: fruit and vegetable wholesalers whole-some /'haulsam; NAmE 'houl-/ adj. 1 good for your health A int It 0 (ft: fresh, wholesome food Aini ft Ut if) H # pfi 2 morally good; having a good moral influence ^ it fg ; A k £? it W> ni^l (ft : It was clean wholesome fun. KTia unwhole

some ► whole-some-ness noun [U]

'whole step noun (US, music If) = tone n.(7) whole-wheat /'haulwiit; NAmE 'houl-/ adj. = wholemeal

who’ll /hu:l/ short form who will

whol-ly /'houlli; NAmE 'houlli/ adv. (formal) completely ® M ^ J& H771 totally _: wholly inappropriate behaviour (ftfT A 0 The govern

ment is not wholly to blame for the recession, ii it il

.wholly-'owned adj. (business $j) used to describe a company whose shares are all owned by another company W (ft t The company is a wholly-owned

subsidiary of a large multinational. &JI:—

ikift^A^o

whom (H* /hu:m/ pron. (formal) used instead of “who’ as the object of a verb or preposition ( % who |WJA, ) it, W'a

A: Whom did they invite? iMIMi/fitT? 0 To whom should I write? 0 The author whom

you criticized in your review has written a reply. fa ft if

o Her mother, in

whom she confided, said she would support her unconditionally.

whom-ever /,hu:m'eva(r)/, whom so ever /.huimsau- 'eva(r); NAmE -sou-/ pron. (literary) used instead of ‘whoever’ as the object of a verb or preposition (% whoeverfafX, ) it, ft: He

was free to marry whomever he chose. ftk#!hT

whoop /wu:p; hu:p/ noun, verb

u noun a loud cry expressing joy, excitement, etc. ( it] A, A^: whoops of delight it? A (ft

■ verb [V] to shout loudly because you are happy or excited ( ^ N fTTHTI whoop it

'up /wu:p; NAmE wup/ (informal) 1 to enjoy yourself very much with a noisy group of people .XfcjHjJ; JOAfkA

2 (NAmE) to make people excited or enthusiastic about

sth^mtiM; momm

whoo-pee /wu'pi:/ exclamation, noun m exclamation used to express happiness ( A A iSj' A ) 1% i%: Whoopee, we’ve won! PrUr, ffcffURT! a noun [U] ITBIBI make 'whoopee (old-fashioned, informal) to celebrate in a noisy way JE 'whoopee cushion noun a rubber cushion that makes a noise like a fart when sb sits on it, used as a joke«^, JEg

whoop ing cough /'huipiq kDf; NAmEkrt/ noun [U] an infectious disease, especially of children, that makes them cough and have difficulty breathing W13 ^ whoops /wups/ exclamation 1 used when sb has almost had an accident, broken sth, etc. (

Whoops! Careful, you almost spilt coffee everywhere. W)\ /Jwfrjat, A A A IE nfjf! n# ffl 1# 53] IPJlo 2 used when you have done sth embarrassing, said sth rude by accident, told a secret, etc. ( f ^A:h)0 i# ) : Whoops, you weren’t supposed to

hear that. u£,

whoosh /wuj; wu:J/ noun, verb

m noun [usually sing.] (informal) the sudden movement and sound of air or water rushing past ( ; ( 7jc

$£ ) iti£ _: a whoosh of air — n H 0 There was a whoosh as everything went up in flames. “Bf ” fft —,

m verb [V +adv./prep.] (informal) to move very quickly with the sound of air or water rushing ( ) Hf

zb; ( A )

whopper /’wnp0(r); NAmE ‘wa:p-/ noun (informal) 1 something that is very big for its type #A(ft ( f&fi# A (ft ) % H: Pete has caught a whopper (= a large fish).

2alieilW; BiiA She’s told some whoppers about her past. AA M(ftMA, Mi# 7 i§o

whopping /'wnpiq; NAmE 'wa:p-/ (also 'whopping great) adj. [only before noun] (informal) very big EaAtft; id A (ft : The company made a whopping 75 million dollar loss. 7 500 77AlftSWAc

GRAMMAR POINT

whom

■ Whom is not used very often in spoken English. Who is usually used as the object pronoun, especially in questions. Pi£7, whom 7#7,

who ^l«] 3iJf|^J: Who did you

invite to the party? faMM 7 >1 ^ 7vA#AllM A?'

■ The use of whom as the pronoun after prepositions is very formal. * whom fpfAifllfiiPAialln

$\tEA: To whom should I address the letter?

o He asked me with whom I had discussed it. ItfelnJ^^_c In spoken English it is much more natural to use who and put the preposition at the end of the sentence. P

i#^, Iflhli^ffl who, Who

should I address the letter to?

0 He asked me who I had discussed it with. #A]$cTtl

■ In defining relative clauses the object pronoun whom is not often used. You can either use who or that, or leave out the pronoun completely.

3*, whom#1, who WL

that : The family (who/that/whom)

1 met at the airport were very kind,

■ In non-defining relative clauses who or, more formally, whom (but not that) is used and the pronoun cannot be left out. fE

Who Whom ( m<tm that ) ,

MIL initio ^ : Our doctor, who/whom we all

liked very much, retired last week. $cf]A^3k#§$jc ift & A .h 1A1 iMf o This pattern is not used very much in spoken English.